Isimo Samanje Nentuthuko Ye-Nodular Cast Iron ne-Spheroidizing Agent

Sekuyiminyaka engama-52 kwavela i-ductile iron, futhi ukukhula kwayo ngokushesha kuyamangaza. Ngisho nasekuweni komnotho, i-ductile iron isakhula. Abanye abantu babiza i-ductile iron njengonqobayo ekubuyeni okungafanele, bekhomba: Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nentengo ephansi, i-cast iron isesesikhundleni esibalulekile emakethe yezinto ezibonakalayo. Yize ingqikithi yokukhishwa kwensimbi yehlile eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ukukhishwa kwensimbi ye-ductile akwenqabanga. Ukuvela kwe-Ao-Bei ductile iron Khulisa isikhundla sokuncintisana sensimbi ye-ductile.

Isimo sokukhiqiza nokucwaninga nge-ductile iron

3.1 I-Ductile Iron ejwayelekile

Njengamanje, i-ductile iron evamile-okusho ukuthi, i-ductile iron esekwe ku-ferrite ne-pearlite isabangela iningi lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-ductile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kunakwe ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nekhwalithi yensimbi ejwayelekile ye-ductile ukugcina indawo yokuncintisana yensimbi ye-ductile. Udlale indima ebalulekile.

3.2 Qinisa ukulawulwa kwezinto ezithinta ikhwalithi yensimbi ye-ductile

Ukwakheka nezakhiwo zensimbi ye-ductile kuncike ekwakhiweni nasezimeni ze-crystallization zensimbi yensimbi nekhwalithi ye-ejenti ye-spheroidizing esetshenzisiwe. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-ductile, ubukhulu bodonga obuthile, izinga lokushisa elithelekayo, i-spheroidizing agent esetshenzisiwe, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-spheroidizing kokuphonsa kufanele kubhekwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo nemingcele yokupholisa kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokukhishwa kwe-slag zilawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukwehliswa okufanelekile kwekhabhoni elinganayo, ukwelashwa nokushisa kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa i-ductile iron.

3.3 Lawula ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-ferritic ductile ne-spheroidal ductile iron

Izinto eziyinhloko ezilawula i-ductile iron matrix ukwakheka kwensimbi yensimbi, uhlobo lwe-spheroidizing agent kanye ne-inoculant esetshenzisiwe, indlela yokwengeza, nezimo zokupholisa. Ukwakheka kwe-as-cast ferritic ductile iron kune-hypereutectic kancane. Ikhabhoni iphakeme kancane, kepha ayikho i-graphite elintantayo. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon kuncane kancane. Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ye-inoculant kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-3%. I-manganese ephansi, iba ngcono. Mn <0.04%, isulfure ne-phosphorus kufanele kube phansi, ukuze i-S ≦ 0.02%, P ≦ 0.02%, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-silicon ingathuthukisa ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-ductile kanye nepulasitiki ehambisanayo, i-Si = 3.0 ~ 3.5% ingathola lonke uhlobo lwe-ferrite. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaveza ukuthi lapho u-Si = 2.6 ～ 2.8%, i-cast iron inokuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu nokuqina komthelela, kepha ukwahlukaniswa okuncane kwe-silicon ku-iron kuyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, ukwehlukaniswa kubi kakhulu, kanye nomthelela izakhiwo zemishini.

Umphumela omubi, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-zero, likhulu, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuphansi, ama-ejenti we-spheroidizing aphansi angavamile we-magnesium angasetshenziswa ukwenza i-spheroidize, futhi kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamaphutha "amabala amnyama", futhi "amabala amnyama" ikakhulukazi i-magnesium, i-cageum sulfide ne-oxide ehlanganisiwe, ngokungeziwe, i-low-silica spheroidizing agent kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuningi.

Okwe-pearlitic ductile iron, okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kwensimbi yensimbi kungakhuphukela ku-0.8-1.0% ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa. Uma kusakazwa okunye kusetshenziswa njengemishiza yokuvikela ukumelana nokugqoka, ama-manganese angakhuphuka abe ngu-1.2-1.35% ukukhiqiza izakhi ze-pearlite cast. Ithusi. Lapho inani lokungezwa lingaphezu kuka-1.8%, livimbela ukwakheka kwe-graphite, kodwa likhuthaza ukutholakala okuphelele kwe-matrix. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe ithusi ngensimbi ye-ductile kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-1.5%. I-Tin iyisici esiqinile sokwenza pearlitizing, futhi umthelela wayo ekuqineni mkhulu kunethusi. Futhi ama-manganese, kepha i-Sn ≥ 1.0% izodala ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-graphite, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwayo kufanele kukhawulelwe ku-0.08% noma ngaphansi.

3.4 Iqhaza lomhlaba ongajwayelekile kwinsimbi ye-ductile

Umhlaba ovamile ungakhuthaza umphumela we-spheroidization we-magnesium alloy (isilinganiso se-spheroidization nokuzungeza kwebhola). Inaka umphumela wokuvimbela ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-spheroidal graphite odongeni insimbi eyi-nodular obukhulu. Lokhu kufakiwe nakumenzeli we-spheroidizing ekhaya naphesheya. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zemihlaba engajwayelekile. Kunezakhi ezithile ekusakazweni ezingabhubhisa futhi zivimbele ukwandiswa kwe-graphite. Lezi zinto yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi iziphazamiso ze-spheroidization.

Izinto zokuphazamiseka zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Enye ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphazamisayo zohlobo lwe-spheroidization element, ezakha i-MgS, i-MgO, i-MgS, i-MgO, ne-MgS nge-magnesium nomhlaba ongajwayelekile. I-MgSe, i-RE2O3, i-RE2S3, i-RE2Te3, njll., Inciphisa izakhi ze-spheroidizing futhi ichithe ukwakheka kwe-spheroidal graphite; olunye uhlobo yizici zokuphazanyiswa kokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi i-tin, i-antimony, i-arsenic, ithusi, i-titanium, i-aluminium, njll. ngesikhathi se-eutectic crystallization Lezi zinto zicebisiwe emngceleni wezinhlamvu futhi zikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-dendritic graphite ekhubazekile nge-carbon esikhathini esizayo se- eutectic. Okukhudlwana isisindo se-athomu sesici sokuphazanyiswa kwe-spheroidizing, kunamandla umphumela wokuphazamiseka. Izifundo eziningi manje sezithole iziphazamiso kusimbi yensimbi. Lapho okuqukethwe kwalezi zinto kungaphansi kokuqukethwe okubucayi, i-graphite esontekile ayikwazi ukwakhiwa. Ensimbi yensimbi enezinto eziphazamisayo, ukwengezwa komhlaba ongajwayelekile kungasusa ukuphazamiseka kwawo.

Umbiko wocwaningo uveze ukuthi isamba sezinto eziphazamisayo ku-cast iron kufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-0.10%, okusho ukuthi, z = Ti + Cr + Sb + V + As + Pb + Zn +… <0.10% Ucwaningo luye lwasho ukuthi ukunciphisa amandla I-Al, Sb, TI, Pb, Bi, njll. Ensimbi encibilikisiwe, inqobo nje uma kungezwa u-0.005 kuye ku-0.04% Ce ngokulandelana, ngokwesibonelo, ukunciphisa iTi, Pb, Sb, Al, njll, inqobo nje uma kungezwa u-0.005 0.007% ngokulandelana. , 0.014%, 0.15% no-0.008% Ce. Izinto eziphazamisayo zinomthelela omkhulu owonakalisayo lapho udonga lokusakaza lukhulu futhi izinga lokupholisa lihamba kancane.
Izinto eziphazamisayo nazo zinomthelela ku-matrix yensimbi ye-ductile.

UTe noB bakhuthaza kakhulu ukwakheka komlomo omhlophe, uCr, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi bazinzise i-pearlite, kanti u-Al noZr bathuthukisa i-ferrite. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanye okwamanje athuthukiswa ama-Spheroidizing element kanye nezinto eziphazamisayo zihlanganisa i-spheroidizing agent ukwenza ngcono umphumela wokwelashwa kwensimbi enkulu ye-ductile iron kanye nokujikeleza kwamabhola e-graphite.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokutholwa kwensimbi ye-3.5

Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi ye-Ductile kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yayo. Njengamanje, kucutshungulwa ukuhlaziywa komugqa wentuthuko, okungukuthi, umkhiqizo uyahlaziywa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuthola ikhwalithi yawo. Amayunithi amaningi asebenzise amagagasi e-ultrasonic ukwenza ikhwalithi yokuphonsa ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi. ukuhlaziywa.
Lapho ulinganisa ukwakheka kwensimbi nge-wave ye-ultrasonic, isivinini somsindo se-flake graphite ngu-4500m / s, i-vermicular graphite cast iron ingu-5400m / s, futhi i-ductile cast iron ingu-5600m / s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso sokuncishiswa kwesisindo esiphakeme kakhulu ku-cast iron nakho kungahlulela uhlobo lwensimbi yensimbi, i-ductile iron Imvamisa yesikhungo yi-5MHz kanti i-flake cast iron iyi-1.5MHz kuphela. Okwamanje, kusenamayunithi asebenzisa amagagasi e-ultrasonic ukunquma ileveli ye-spheroidization, futhi kungenzeka ukunquma ileveli efanelekile ye-spheroidization nemikhiqizo engafanelekile (phakathi kwezinga 3 neleveli 4), kepha okwamanje akukwazeki ukwenza imininingwane eminingi isilinganiso samazinga, le ndlela iyathuthukiswa.

3.6 Isimo samanje se-nodulizer

I-ejenti ye-Nodularizing okwamanje ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola i-nodular iron. Ngenkathi iZhibao Steel Rare Earth No. 1 Plant ngokuhlanganyela iqeda iphrojekthi yocwaningo lukazwelonke "umhlaba ongajwayelekile ama-agent amathathu we-serialization", ithimba locwaningo lesikole sethu lenze izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezi-nodularizing ezingaphezu kuka-100 emhlabeni. , Umkhiqizo omkhulu wengxubevange yasekhaya uphenyiwe, futhi amasampula womkhiqizo wezitshalo zokukhiqiza ingxubevange ezingaphezu kwama-50 emazweni angaphezu kweshumi nambili anjenge-United Kingdom, i-United States, iFrance, iJalimane, iJapane, iSoviet Union, kanye ne-India okutholakele, kanye namasampula womkhiqizo wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-nodulizer basekhaya. Inikeza isisekelo sokuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing ngokuzayo. 2.1 Izinhlobo zama-spheroidizing agents zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza

• Izinhlobo zama-spheroidizing agents zifaka ama-alloys we-magnesium-silicon, ama-alloys we-magnesium-silicon womhlaba angavamile, ama-alloys asuselwa ku-calcium (asetshenziswa kakhulu eJapan), ama-alloys we-nickel-magnesium Series, ama-alloys we-magnesium ahlanzekile, ama-alloys omhlaba angavamile. Phakathi kwama-alloys angenhla, okusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni ingxubevange yomhlaba engavamile ye-magnesium ferrosilicon, kepha isilinganiso se-RE / Mg sama-alloys aseChina sibanzi (0.5 ~ 2.2), kanti isilinganiso se-RE / Mg sama-alloys angaphandle sincane (0.1 ~ 0.3). Kuma-alloys aseChina, okuqukethwe okungajwayelekile komhlaba kukhulu noma kulingana nokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium, futhi okuqukethwe komhlaba okungajwayelekile kuncane kunokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe komhlaba ongavamile kuma-nodulizer alloys emazweni angaphandle (ngaphandle kwamanye ama-alloys eRussia naseRussia) kucishe kube ngaphansi kokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium. Ngakho-ke, uchungechunge lwama-ejenti amathathu omhlaba ongajwayelekile Ithimba locwaningo liphakamise ukuthi ngaphezu kokugcina i-FeSlMg8E18 (le alloy iyi-agent enhle kakhulu yokwenza i-vermicularizing), i-RE / Mg-1 kuwo wonke amanye ama-spheroidizing agents. Lesi sincomo samukelwa emazingeni kazwelonke abukeziwe alandelayo. I-calcium-magnesium spheroidizing ejenti ikakhulu ivela eJapan Production nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo, njenge-calcium alloy NC5, NCl0, NCl5, NC20, NC25 ekhiqizwa yi-Shin-Etsu (SHIN-ETSU), okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kuyahluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-28%, kepha okuqukethwe kwe-calcium kuyahlukahluka kancane, futhi uhla lokuhlukahluka lungu-20 kuye ku-31%; Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy lunokuthambekela okuncane emlonyeni omhlophe, kepha kudinga ukushisa okuphezulu kokucubungula nenani elikhulu le-slag ngemuva kokucubungulwa. Ama-alloys kaNickel-magnesium asetshenziswa eMelika naseYurophu. Ama-alloys we-nickel-magnesium akhiqizwa yi-United States International Nickel Company afinyelela ku-82-85%, okuyi-Mg neC Ca ayi-13-16 no-20 ngokulandelana, kanti i-nickel-magnesium alloy ephansi kakhulu ingama-57-61% (Mg4 .0 ~ 4.5%, Ca <2.5, Fe32 ~ 36). Ku-alloy nickel-magnesium ekhiqizwa yiJalimane Metal Chemical Company, i-Ni47 ~ 51%, i-Mgl5 ~ 17%, i-C1.0% i-Si28 ~ 32%, i-RE1.0% ngaphezu kwe-Fe. Izinzuzo zala ma-alloys ukuthi ukucaciswa kukhulu, ukubonakaliswa kuzinzile, futhi i-nickel ingakhuphuka. I-Alloying ibonakala ngentengo yayo ephezulu, futhi le alloy ayisetshenziswa eChina. Ama-alloys enickel-silicon awasasetshenziswa eChina. Ama-alloys we-magnesium amsulwa kufanele alashwe ngengcindezi ekhethekile nesikhwama se-magnesium. Izinga lokumunca le-magnesium liphezulu, kepha izindlela zokuphatha zokuphatha kufanele ziqine ngokweqile, futhi nenani lezicelo ekukhiqizeni lincane. Umhlaba ongajwayelekile yi-spheroidizing ejenti esetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwensimbi ye-ductile, futhi ukutholakala kwayo kuthuthukise inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwemboni yensimbi ye-ductile. Kodwa-ke, intengo iphezulu futhi umlomo omhlophe uvame ukuba mkhulu. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kuzokwenza i-graphite metamorphose. Manje ayisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuphamba yedwa, kepha kuphela njengengxenye yokusiza yokuphamba.
• I-briquette spheroidizing ejenti ibunjwe ngqo yi-magnesium powder nensimbi powder nokuqukethwe okwenziwe nge-silicon. Le ejenti ye-spheroidizing iqukethe i-silicon ephansi kakhulu futhi imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi yi-low-silicon briquetting spheroidizing agent. Ukufukamela okulandelayo kunika igumbi elikhulu lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-as-cast ductile, kepha le alloy kulula ukuntanta, futhi umphumela wokwelashwa uguquguquka kakhulu. Kungcono ukuyixube ne-block spheroidizing agent ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Uhlobo lwe-cored wire spheroidizing ejenti ligqoka impuphu ye-magnesium nensimbi yensimbi kupuleti lensimbi elincanyana noma ipuleti lensimbi, bese ibathumela ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukufeza inhloso ye-spheroidization. Lolu hlobo lwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing luyabiza kakhulu futhi nokutshalwa kwemishini kukhulu, kepha i-alloy inezinga eliphakeme lokumunca ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ngakho-ke izindleko eziphelele zokucubungula i-ductile iron azikhuphuki neze.
• I-ejenti ye-spheroidizing eyimpuphu i-patent yaseRussia. Lapho isetshenziswa, i-magnesium powder ne-inhibitor zixutshwe zifakwe esikhwameni, bese insimbi encibilikisiwe igeleza ebusweni be-alloy, ungqimba ngongqimba, futhi i-alloy iyabonakala ukufeza i-spheroidization. Umphumela, le nqubo ekhethekile ibizwa nge-MC. 2.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-spheroidizing agent.Okwamanje, ama-alloys e-pyrometallurgical asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-ductile iron ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, i-briquetting spheroidizing agent, i-cored wire spheroidizing agent, ibhola le-powdered I-ejenti ye-spheroidizing esetshenziswa kuma-akhawunti we-pyrometallurgical smelting angaphezu kuka-90% ukukhiqizwa.

Njengamanje, i-Ba, i-Ca, i-Cu, i-Ni, njll. Ifakwa kulolu hlobo lwe-alloy ukufeza inhloso yokulawula i-matrix, nokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium oxide ku-alloy Kunezinkomba ezinqunyelwe.

I-cupola yemishini yokuncibilika ibalelwa ku-30%, isithando somlilo sokungeniswa sisebenza ngama-63%, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lama-1482 ~ 1538 ° C li-75%; Ama-50% amafektri amukela inqubo yangaphambi kokuqothulwa komhlaba ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidizing, kanye nama-90% amafemu S Ngaphansi kuka-0.025%. Endleleni yokwelashwa okukhazimulayo, indlela yokuhlanza ihlanganisa ama-36% amafemu amakhulu aseMelika, kanti ifektri encane (engaphansi kwamathani ayi-200 / isonto) indlela yokugudluza i-22% kuphela. Indlela yokucindezela, indlela ye-plug enamandla, Thayipha indlela yokwelashwa yangaphakathi, indlela yekhava yeTundish, ingcindezi kanye nendlela ye-magnesium akhawunti ngobukhulu obukhulu. I-ejenti ye-spheroidizing esetshenzisiwe iqukethe ngaphezu kwe-% ye-magnesium ebalwe ngo-8.2%, i-Mg4 ~ 6% ibalwe ngama-63.3, futhi iqukethe i-magnesium engaphansi kuka-4%. Ibala u-16.4%, ama-akhawunti we-magnesium amsulwa angama-5%, namanye ama-alloys we-magnesium angama-8.2%.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing ezweni lami kushintshe kakhulu kusuka eminyakeni engama-90 kuye manje. Izinga likazwelonke le-magnesium alloy engavamile yomhlaba libuyekeziwe, futhi i-RE ku-alloy ilungiswe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokugcinwa kweMg8RE18, iMg / Re kwamanye ama-alloys inkulu kune-1. Inani lomhlaba ongajwayelekile ku-alloy esetshenziswe efektri lehlile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Mg8RE5─7 alloy kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi isithando sikagesi futhi kukhuphuke kakhulu, kepha okuqukethwe kwesibabule okusensimbi ebunjiwe engakashintshi kangako, futhi inqubo yangaphambi kokonakaliswa ayikakhuthazwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, izwe lami i-Mg ne-BE ku-ejenti yokuphamba namanje lisezingeni eliphakeme ngokwengeziwe, futhi inqubo entsha yokuqhakambisa ayikakhuthazwa kakhulu ezweni lami. Isibonelo, indlela ye-Tundish capping, ehlala ingxenye enkulu e-United States, ayikaze isetshenziswe ezweni lami. Kuyinkinga ukuxazululwa ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza insimbi zezwe lami.

Izinkinga ze-3.7 ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing nezinkomba zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yekhwalithi

Izinto ezithinta ikhwalithi ye-ejenti ye-spheroidizing yilezi: ukwakheka, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, umumo, ukuminyana, okuqukethwe kwe-MgO nokunye. Nakhu kuphela ukuhlaziywa kwe-ejenti ye-spheroidizing ekhiqizwa yi-pyrometallurgical smelting, futhi icaphuna izinkinga eziningi ezikhonjiswe ekusetshenzisweni kwamafemu:

• (1) Ukwakheka kwe-ejenti yokuphamba akulungile.
• (2) Usayizi wezinhlayiyana we-spheroidizing ejenti eyimpuphu ayihlangabezani nezidingo.
• (3) Ubuningi be-ejenti ye-spheroidizing buyaguquguquka kakhulu, futhi amanye ama-spheroidizing agents antanta ngokushesha, futhi impendulo inamandla kakhulu, engaqinisekisiwe.
• (4) Okuqukethwe yi-MgO kuphakeme kakhulu, ukwelashwa nge-spheroidizing kubi, futhi inani le-ejenti ye-spheroidizing engeziwe likhulu kakhulu.
• (5) Ukwehla okusheshayo ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa.
• (6) Ngemuva kwe-spheroidization, umlomo omhlophe uvame ukuba mkhulu.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla, kufanele siqale kusuka ezicini ezimbili:

• Okokuqala, umkhiqizi we-alloy unikela ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi efanelekayo. kuyadingeka ukwenza ngcono ukuhlaziywa kwe-magnesium oxide;
• okwesibili, lawula ngokuqinile izinto zokusetshenziswa, lawula izinto ezithuthukisa i-alloy powdering nezinto zokuphazamisa, ziqinisa ukuphathwa;
• okwesithathu, sebenzisa ngokuqinile izinqubo zokuncibilikisa okunembile, futhi ulawule izinkomba eziyinhloko ezithinta ikhwalithi yama-nodulizers;
• okwesine Ukuhlinzeka ngobumbudumbudu obudingeka kubasebenzisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzi bokukhiqiza baqeqeshiwe futhi baqeqeshwa ukuze baqonde izici ze-alloy kanye nendlela enembile yokusetshenziswa.

Izinkinga ekukhiqizeni zihlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yabasebenzi bokukhiqiza. Abanye abasebenzi bafundisa nje ukuthi benzeni futhi abakwazi ukudweba ama-analogies. Lokhu akwenzeki. Ukubambisana kwabakhiqizi be-alloy nabasebenzisi kuyadingeka ukukhulisa nokwenza ngcono ukuqonda kwensimbi ye-ductile nezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-ductile ezweni lami kungagcina umfutho omuhle wentuthuko.

3.8 Ukusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha ekukhiqizeni i-ductile iron

Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokunamathisela okufana nokunamathisela, i-cast iron ekhiqizwa yensimbi ye-ductile ivame ukukhiqiza ukukhubazeka okufana nomgogodla wokuncipha kanye ne-porosity ngenxa yokungondli kahle. Ukuze ubikezele la maphutha ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwabalingisi, inqubo yokusakaza yayiqhutshelwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi samaNdiya. Ukufaniswa kwamanani. Ukufaniswa kwamanani kunqubo yokusakaza ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufaniswa kwamanani ukulingisa inqubo yokwakha yangempela endaweni ebonakalayo yekhompyutha, kufaka phakathi inqubo yokugcwalisa uketshezi lwensimbi, inqubo yokupholisa nokuqinisa, inqubo yokwakheka kwengcindezi, ukwahlulelwa kwethonya zezinto ezisemqoka enqubeni yokwakha, kanye nokubikezela Inhlangano, ukusebenza kanye nokukhubazeka okungenzeka kunikeza isisekelo sokwandisa inqubo yokwehlisa udoti. Ngo-1962, uForsund eDenmark waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha esebenza ngogesi ukulingisa inqubo yokuqinisa ukusakazwa.

Kusukela lapho, i-United States, iBrithani, iJalimane, iJapane neFrance zenze ucwaningo ngokulandelana kule ndawo. Kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970 eChina, iDalian University of Technology neShenyang Foundry Research Institute bahola phambili ekwenzeni ucwaningo ngalobu buchwepheshe eChina, futhi bashicilela imibiko yocwaningo ngo-1980 (uGuo Keren, njll., IDigital Analogy of Solidification Process of Large ICastings, iDalian Institute of Technology Journal, 1980 (2) 1-16; I-Shenyang Foundry Research Institute, i-Computer Analogy of Casting Solidification Thermal Field, Foundry, Kusukela lapho, sekusetshenziswe amandla amaningi emanyuvesi aseChina nasemakolishi ukwenza lokhu Ucwaningo. Ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyisithupha Lwesithupha kanye noHlelo Lwesikhombisa Lweminyaka Emihlanu, kunemisebenzi ebalulekile yocwaningo yokusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo yamaphrojekthi abalulekile kazwelonke ocwaningo. I-Foundry technology CAD "ihlele ucwaningo ngokuhlanganyela ngomkhiqizo, ezemfundo, kanye nocwaningo, okwakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe eChina.Ngamanje, iTshuahua University kanye neHuazhong University of Science and Technolo i-gy ingahlinzeka ngamakhemikhali wezohwebo we-FT-Star ne-Huazhu CAE-Inte CAST 4.0 ngokulandelana. Isoftware isetshenzisiwe kwaSanming Heavy Machinery Co, Ltd. nakwamanye amayunithi, futhi izuze imiphumela emihle. Ukufaniswa kwamanani wekhompiyutha kunezingxenye ezintathu: ukucubungula kwangaphambili, ukubalwa okuphakathi kanye nokucutshungulwa kwangemuva, kufaka phakathi ukusungulwa kwamamodeli wejometri, ukuhlukaniswa kwegridi, nezimo zesixazululo (izimo zokuqala).

Nemibandela yemingcele) ukuzimisela, ukubalwa kwezinombolo, ukucutshungulwa kwemiphumela yokubala nokubonisa okucacile. Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokufaniswa kwezinombolo ezisetshenzisiwe ngokuyinhloko zenzelwe umehluko, indlela ye-finite element kanye ne-boundary element method. Njengamanje, izinkambu eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza ekubunjweni yilezi:

• 1) Ukufaniswa kwamanani kwenqubo yokuqinisa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziywa kokudlulisa ukushisa kwenqubo yokusakaza. Kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwendlela yokubalwa kwamanani, ukwelashwa okushisayo okushisayo, ukubikezela kwesikhumba okuncishisiwe nokubandlululwa, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zokudlulisa ukushisa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphonswa kanye nesikhunta.
• 2) Ukufaniswa kwamanani kwenkundla yokugeleza kufaka ukudluliswa komfutho, amandla nobukhulu, okunzima kakhulu. Amasu wokuxazulula izinombolo asetshenzisiwe yindlela ye-MAC, indlela ye-SAMC, indlela ye-SOLA-AOF nendlela ye-SOLA-MAC.
• 3) Ukulingisa ukucindezela kokufanisa. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe sekwedlule isikhathi, ikakhulukazi kugxilwe ekuhlaziyweni kwengcindezi kusimo se-elasto-plastic.

Njengamanje, kukhona imodeli kaHeyn, imodeli ye-elasto-plastic, imodeli yePerzyna, imodeli eguqukayo yangaphakathi ehlanganisiwe njalonjalo. 4) Isifaniso senhlangano sisaqala. Ihlukaniswe ngombono omkhulu, umbono ophakathi nokufaniswa kombono omncane. Ingabala inani le-nucleation, ihlaziye uhlobo lwe-crystal eyinhloko, izinga lokukhula kwe-dendrite, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sokufanisa, futhi ibikezele izakhiwo zomshini. Njengamanje, kunamamodeli wokunquma, njengeMonte, amaselula, i-Automaton nezinye izindlela zezibalo, namamodeli wesigaba sesigaba. Amakhompyutha kanye nezicelo zawo okwamanje athuthukisa ngokushesha imikhakha yezobuchwepheshe. Njengomunye wemikhakha yezimboni ebalulekile, isisekelo kufanele sandise imali.

Ucwaningo nentuthuko yokusetshenziswa kwamakhompiyutha emkhakheni wokuphonsa ucwaningo nokukhiqiza kusishintshe ngokuphelele isimo "samehlo avulekile, amehlo avaliwe athulula" esikhathini esedlule, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhompyutha nakanjani kuzothuthukisa ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-ductile . Sekuyiminyaka engama-52 kwavela i-ductile iron, futhi ukukhula kwayo ngokushesha kuyamangaza. Ngisho nasekuweni komnotho, i-ductile iron isakhula.

Abanye abantu babiza i-ductile iron njengonqobayo ekubuyeni okungafanele, bekhomba: Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nentengo ephansi, i-cast iron isesesikhundleni esibalulekile emakethe yezinto ezibonakalayo. Yize ingqikithi yokukhishwa kwensimbi yehlile eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ukukhishwa kwensimbi ye-ductile akwenqabanga. Ukuvela kwe-Ao-Bei ductile iron Khulisa isikhundla sokuncintisana sensimbi ye-ductile.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe: Isimo Samanje Nentuthuko Ye-Nodular Cast Iron ne-Spheroidizing Agent

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off