Ngabe i-Silicon Carbide Iyithuthukisa Kanjani Ikhwalithi Ye-Castings?

I-1.Indlelo

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wensimbi encibilikile kuyefana, futhi inqubo yokuncibilikisa ihlukile, futhi izakhiwo zensimbi yensimbi etholakele ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. I-Foundry isebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokushisa okweqile kwensimbi, ukwelashwa kwe-inoculation, ukushintsha isilinganiso sokushaja, ukungeza umkhondo noma izakhi ze-alloying, njll. kucutshungulwa ukusebenza. Induction ukuncibilikisa isithando somlilo sensimbi encibilikile kungalawula ngempumelelo ukushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kulungise ngokunembile ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kunciphise ukulahleka kwezinto, futhi kube nokuqukethwe kwesibabule okuphansi ne-phosphorus. Kuyasiza kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-ductile iron, i-vermicular graphite cast iron namandla aphezulu we-grey cast iron. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso se-nucleation sensimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sikagesi sokungeniswa siyancipha, futhi umlomo omhlophe uvame ukuba mkhulu, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza i-graphite ephezulu. Yize amandla nobulukhuni bekhuphukile, ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi yensimbi ayiphakeme.

Ngawo-1980, onjiniyela baseChina abaya phesheya ukuyofunda nokutadisha babona ukuthi kunezelwa izinto ezimnyama ezifana nezengilazi ezaphukileyo eziko likagesi lamazwe angaphandle lapho ayencibilikiswa. Ngemuva kokubuza, bathola ukuthi kwakuyi-silicon carbide. Izinkampani zasekhaya ezixhaswe ngemali zaseJapan nazo zisebenzise i-silicon carbide njengesengezo ngobuningi isikhathi eside. Ku-cupola noma esithandweni somlilo sokuncibilikisa insimbi encibilikisiwe, izinzuzo zokwengeza i-ejenti yokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni i-SiC miningi. Silicon khabhayithi ihlukaniswe ibanga olwalwenza kanye metallurgical grade. Owokuqala uphakeme ngokuhlanzeka futhi uyabiza, kanti owokugcina uphansi ngentengo.

I-silicon carbide engezwe esithandweni iguqulwa ibe yi-carbon ne-silicon yensimbi yensimbi. Enye ukukhulisa okulingana nekhabhoni; okunye ukuqinisa ukuncishiswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi kunciphise kakhulu imiphumela emibi yokushaja okugqwalile. Ukwengezwa kwe-silicon carbide kungavimbela imvula ye-carbides, kwandise inani le-ferrite, kwenze insimbi yensimbi ibe miningi, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kokucubungula futhi yenze indawo yokusika ibe bushelelezi. Khulisa inani lamabhola we-graphite endaweni yunithi ngayinye yensimbi ye-nodular cast futhi wandise isilinganiso se-spheroidization. Futhi kunomphumela omuhle ekwehliseni ukufakwa okungekhona okwensimbi kanye ne-slag, ukuqeda i-shrinkage porosity, nokuqeda izimbotshana ezingaphansi.

2. Indima Yokwelashwa Kwangaphambili

2.1 Umgomo we-nucleation Kuhlelo lwe-Fe-C eutectic, i-grey cast iron yisigaba esihamba phambili se-eutectic ngenxa yokuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-graphite ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqina kwe-eutectic, kanti i-austenite incishiswa yi-graphite. Izinhlayiya ze-graphite + ezinezigaba ezimbili ezikhule ndawonye nezikhule ndawonye ezakhiwe ngomongo ngamunye we-graphite njengoba isikhungo sibizwa ngokuthi amaqoqo eutectic. I-submicroscopic graphite aggregates, izinhlayiya ze-graphite ezingenakunyakaziswa, ezinye izindawo zokuncibilika okuphezulu, ama-oxide, ama-carbides, izinhlayiya ze-nitride, njll. Akukho mehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-nucleation yensimbi ye-nodular cast ne-nucleation yegrey cast iron, ngaphandle kokuthi ama-magnesium oxides nama-sulfide ayengezwa entweni ebalulekile.
       
Imvula ye-graphite yensimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele ibhekane nezinqubo ezimbili: i-nucleation nokukhula. Kunezindlela ezimbili ze-graphite nucleation: i-nucleation e-homogeneous ne-nucleation engafani. I-nucleation ehambisanayo ibizwa nangokuthi i-nucleation ezenzekelayo. Kunenqwaba yama-athomu wekhabhoni angavuleki ensimbi encibilikile edlula usayizi obucayi we-crystal nucleus, futhi amaqembu e-carbon athomu ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ebangeni elifushane angaba yi-crystal nuclei ehambisanayo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokuphrinta kakhulu i-crystal nuclei e-homogeneous likhulu kakhulu, futhi i-crystal heterogeneous crystal kumele isetshenziswe ikakhulu njenge-ejenti ye-nucleating ye-graphite ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Kunenqwaba yezinhlayiya zangaphandle kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi kunamaphuzu wezinto ezi-oxidized ayizigidi ezi-5 kuyo yonke i-1cm3 yensimbi encibilikisiwe. Kuphela lezo zinhlayiya ezinobudlelwano obuthile nemingcele ye-lattice nezigaba ze-graphite ezingaba yi-graphite nucleation substrates. Ipharamitha yesici sobudlelwano obuhambisana ne-lattice ibizwa nge-degree mismatch degree. Vele, kuphela lapho ukungahambisani kahle kwendiza yethelethi kuncane lapho ama-athomu ekhabhoni efanelana kalula ne-graphite nucleus. Uma okokusebenza kwe-nucleation kungama-athomu ekhabhoni, i-mismatch degree yawo ingu-zero, futhi izimo ezinjalo ze-nucleation zihamba phambili.

Amandla angaphakathi e-silicon carbide abolelwe ku-carbon ne-silicon ngensimbi encibilikile makhulu kune-carbon ne-silicon equkethwe yinsimbi encibilikisiwe uqobo. I-Si equkethwe yinsimbi encibilikisiwe uqobo ichithwa ku-austenite, futhi ikhabhoni eyinsimbi encibilikisiwe yensimbi eyenziwe nge-ductile iyingxenye yensimbi. Imikhakha ye-graphite yakhiwa kulolo ketshezi, eminye yayo engakagxili ku-austenite. Ngakho-ke, ukwengezwa kwe-silicon carbide kunomphumela omuhle we-deoxidation.

• Si + O2 → SiO2
• (1) MgO + SiO2 → MgO ∙ SiO2
• (2) 2MgO +2SiO2→ 2MgO∙2SiO2
• (3) Ukwakheka kwe-Enstatite MgO, SiO2 nokwakheka kwe-forsterite 2MgO-2SiO2 kunezinga eliphakeme lokungafani ne-graphite (001), okunzima ukuthi isetshenziswe njengesisekelo se-graphite nucleation. Ngemuva kokuphathwa ngensimbi encibilikisiwe equkethe i-Ca, Ba, Sr, Al ne-ferrosilicon, MgO ∙ SiO2 + X → XO ∙ SiO2 + Mg
• (4) (2MgO, 2SiO2) + 3X + 6Al → 3 (XO ∙ Al2O3 ∙ 2SiO2) + 8Mg
• (5) Lapho u-X —— Ca, Ba, Sr.

Imikhiqizo yokuphendula i-XO, SiO2 ne-XO, Al2O3, i-SiO ingakha amakristalu ahlanganiswe ku-MgO, SiO2 naku-2MgO, 2SiO2 substrates. Ngenxa yokungafani okuphansi phakathi kwe-graphite ne-XO, SiO2 ne-XO, Al2O3, SiO2, iyasiza kwi-graphite nucleation. I-graphitization enhle. Kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini.

2.2 Ukugoma kwangaphambili kwe-non-equilibrium graphite:

Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu be-nucleation eyingqayizivele buyandiswa nge-inoculation, kanye nendima ye-nucleation engafani nensimbi encibilikisiwe:

• RomThuthukisa inani elikhulu lemvula ye-C esigabeni sokuqina kwe-eutectic bese wenza i-graphite ukukhuthaza i-graphitization;
• Edu Nciphisa izinga lokuncibilika kwensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi wehlise ukuthambekela komlomo omhlophe;
• NcYandisa inani lamaqoqo eutectic kwinsimbi eyinsimbi noma ukwandise inani lamabhola we-graphite ayinsimbi ye-ductile.

I-SiC ingezwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa inkokhelo. I-silicon carbide inendawo yokuncibilika engu-2700 ° C futhi ayincibiliki ngensimbi encibilikisiwe. Iyancibilika kuphela ngensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokusho kwefomula yokuphendula elandelayo.
I-SiC + Fe → I-FeSi + C (i-non-equilibrium graphite)

(6) Kwifomula, i-Si ku-SiC ihlanganiswe no-Fe, kanti i-C esele yi-non-equilibrium graphite, esebenza njengomgogodla wemvula ye-graphite. I-non-equilibrium graphite yenza u-C kwinsimbi encibilikisiwe ingalingani, futhi isakhi sendawo u-C siphezulu kakhulu, futhi "iziqongo zekhabhoni" zizovela ezindaweni ezincane. Le graphite entsha inomsebenzi ophakeme, futhi ukungafani kwayo ne-carbon kuyinto zero, ngakho-ke kulula ukumunca ikhabhoni ensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi umphumela wokugoma uphakeme kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-silicon carbide iyi-ejenti esekwe ku-silicon-based nucleating agent.

I-silicon carbide ingezwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa insimbi yensimbi. Okwe-iron cast iron, i-pre-incubation ye-non-equilibrium graphite izokhiqiza inqwaba yamaqoqo e-eutectic futhi yenyuse izinga lokushisa lokukhula (ukunciphisa ukubanda okungaphansi kwesihlobo), okulungele ukwakheka kohlobo A graphite; inani le-crystal nuclei liyanda, okwenza ama-flakes Graphite alunge, okuthuthukisa izinga le-graphitization futhi kunciphise ukuthambekela komlomo omhlophe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini. Nge-spheroidal graphite cast iron, ukwanda kwama-crystalline cores kwandisa inani lama-graphite spheres kanti nezinga le-spheroidization lingathuthukiswa.

2.3 Ukuqedwa kwe-E-type graphite hypereutectic grey iron iron. Uhlobo lwe-C nohlobo lwe-F uhlobo lwe-graphite eyinhloko lwenziwa esigabeni soketshezi. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokukhula ayiphazanyiswa yi-austenite, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kulula ukuthi ikhule ibe ama-flakes amakhulu no-C-type Graphite onamagatsha amancane: Lapho ukusakazwa okunomdonga omncane kupholile ngokushesha, i-graphite izoba negatsha futhi ikhule ibe inkanyezi- ezimise F-uhlobo graphite.
I-flake graphite ekhule esigabeni sokuqina kwe-eutectic ikhiqiza imidwebo engu-A, B, E, D yomumo ohlukile nokusatshalaliswa okuhlukile ngaphansi kokuqanjwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukene nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokupholisa.

Uhlobo A graphite lwakhiwa kuqoqo le-eutectic elinamandla angaphansi okupholisa kahle nekhono le-nucleation eliqinile, futhi lisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngensimbi yensimbi. Phakathi kwe-flake pearlite enhle, amancane ngobude be-graphite, ayanda amandla okuqina, afanele amathuluzi omshini nokuqoshwa okuhlukahlukene kwemishini.

Uhlobo lwe-graphite yohlobo D luyi-interdendritic graphite efana nephepha kanye nokusatshalaliswa okungahambisi ndawo. I-D-type graphite cast iron inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ferrite futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini ziyathinteka. Kodwa-ke, i-D-type graphite cast iron inama-austenite dendrites amaningi, i-graphite imfishane futhi isongwe, kanti iqembu le-eutectic lisesimweni samaphilisi. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-matrix A-type graphite cast iron efanayo, ithanda ukuba namandla aphezulu.

Uhlobo E graphite luhlobo lwe-flake graphite olufushane kune-Type A graphite. Njenge-D-type graphite, itholakala phakathi kwama-dendrites futhi ngokubizwa ibizwa nge-dendritic graphite. Uyinki we-E kulula ukukhiqizwa ngensimbi ene-carbon elinganayo (isilinganiso esikhulu se-hypoeutectic) nama-dendrites acebile e-austenite. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqoqo eutectic nama-dendrites akhula ngokukhula. Ngoba inani likaketshezi lwensimbi lwe-interdendritic eutectic lincane, i-eutectic graphite eshubile isabalalisa kuphela lapho kubhekiswa khona ama-dendrites, anokuqondisa okusobala. Izinga lokupholisa ngaphansi okwenza i-E-type graphite likhulu kunele-A-type graphite futhi lingaphansi kwalelo le-D-type graphite, futhi ubukhulu balo nobude balo buphakathi kuka-A no-D-type graphite. Uhlobo E graphite aluyona eye-supercooled graphite, futhi luvame ukuhambisana nohlobo D graphite. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqondiswa kwe-E-type graphite phakathi kwama-dendrites kwenza kube lula ukuthi insimbi yensimbi iqhume futhi iphule ebhandeni ngokuya ngokuqondisa kwe-graphite ngaphansi kwamandla amancane angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, i-E-type graphite iyavela, futhi amakhona ama-castings amancane angahle aphulwe ngesandla, futhi amandla we-castings ancishiswe kakhulu. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhuphuka, izinga lokupholisa elidingekayo ukwakha i-interdendritic graphite enhle liyakhula, futhi nethuba lokukhiqiza i-interdendritic graphite liyancipha. Izinga eliphakeme lokushisa ngokweqile kokulondolozwa kokushisa okuncibilikayo nesikhathi eside kuzokhuphula izinga lokupholisa ngaphansi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulise izinga lokukhula kwama-dendrites, okwenza ama-dendrites abe made futhi abe nokuqondisa okusobala ngokwengeziwe. Lapho i-SiC isetshenziselwa ukufaka ngaphambili insimbi encibilikisiwe, ukubanda okungaphansi kwe-austenite eyinhloko kuncishiswa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ama-dendrites amafushane ama-austenite ayabonwa ngalesi sikhathi. Isusa isisekelo sesakhiwo se-E-type graphite.

2.4 Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi yensimbi

Nge-spheroidal graphite cast iron, esimweni esilinganayo se-spheroidizing ejenti, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili nge-silicon carbide, isivuno sokugcina se-magnesium siphakeme. Ngensimbi encibilikisiwe eyenziwe nge-silicon carbide, uma inani le-magnesium eyinsalela ekubunjweni ligcinwa lilingana, inani le-ejenti ye-spheroidizing engeziwe lingehliswa ngo-10%, futhi ukuthambekela komlomo omhlophe kwensimbi ye-nodular cast kuyancishiswa.

I-silicon carbide esithandweni sokuncibilikisa, ngaphezu kwekhabhoni ne-silicon ensimbi encibilikisiwe ekhonjiswe kwifomula (1), ukusabela kwe-deoxidation yamafomula (2) no (3) nakho kuyenziwa. Uma i-SiC engeziwe iseduze nodonga lwesithando somlilo, i-SiO2 ekhiqizwayo izofaka odongeni lwesithando futhi inyuse ukushuba kodonga lwesithando somlilo. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kokuncibilikisa, i-SiO2 izobhekana nokuphendula kwe-decarburization kwefomula (4) kanye nokusabela okweqile kwefomula (5) kanye (6).

• (7) 3SiC + 2Fe2O3 = 3SiO2 + 4Fe + 3C
• (8) C + FeO → Fe + CO ↑
• (9) (SiO2) + 2C = [Si] + 2CO (isimo segesi)
• (10) SiO2 + FeO → FeO · SiO2 (slag)
• (11) Al2O3 + SiO2 → Al2O3 · SiO2 (slag)

Umphumela we-deoxidizing we-silicon carbide wenza ukuthi umkhiqizo owenziwe nge-deoxidized ube nochungechunge lwezinto ezenziwa nge-metallurgical ensimbi encibilikisiwe, kunciphise imiphumela eyingozi yama-oxide ekhokhweni elonakele, nokuhlanza ngempumelelo insimbi encibilikisiwe.

2.5 Uyisebenzisa Kanjani iSilicon Carbide

Ubumsulwa be-metallurgical grade silicon carbide buphakathi kuka-88% no-90%, futhi ukungcola kufanele kudonswe kuqala lapho kubalwa ukwanda kwekhabhoni ne-silicon. Ngokwefomula ye-silicon carbide, kulula ukuyithola: Ukwanda kweCarbon: C = C / (C + Si) = 12 / (12 + 28) = 30% (12) Ukwanda kwe-Silicon: Si = Si / (C + Si) = 28 / (12 + 28) = 70% (13) Inani le-silicon carbide elifakiwe livame ukuba ngu-0.8% -1.0% wenani lensimbi encibilikisiwe. Indlela yokwengeza i-silicon carbide yilena: ukuncibilikisa insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni sikagesi. Lapho i-crucible incibilika i-1/3 yenkokhiso, ingeze phakathi ne-crucible, zama ukungathinti udonga lwesithando somlilo, bese uqhubeka nokungeza inkokhelo yokuncibilikisa. Enkomeni encibilikisa insimbi encibilikisiwe, i-silicon carbide enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezi-1-5mm ingaxubaniswa nenani elifanele likasimende noma okunye okunamathiselwe, bese kufakwa amanzi ukuze akhe isisindo. Ngemuva kokumiswa elangeni elishisayo, ingasetshenziswa esithandweni somlilo ngokuya nge-batch ratio.

Amazwi okuphetha

Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, noma ngabe iloli, ibhizinisi noma imoto yomndeni, ukunciphisa isisindo semoto bekulokhu kuyindlela yokuthuthuka yocwaningo lwezimoto nentuthuko. Ekunciphiseni kwemakethe kwenkinga yezezimali, iChina Northern Corporation yanciphisa lo mkhuba futhi yathumela amaloli athwala kanzima eNyakatho Melika, ngokunembile ngokuya ngesisindo esincane samaloli athwala kanzima. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yensimbi enezindonga ezincanyana, i-ductile iron ne-vermicular graphite cast iron, insimbi ebiyelwe ngodonga yensimbi ne-Aubrey ductile iron, kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kwikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi yensimbi.

Ukufakwa kwe-silicon carbide inoculation kunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi yensimbi. Isazi sezisekelo u-Li Chuanshi ubhale i-athikili yokuthi ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-ejenti yokwelashwa kusengaphambi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, imiphumela emibili ingabonakala: eyodwa ukwandisa okulingana nekhabhoni; okunye ukuguqula izimo zensimbi encibilikisiwe, okuthuthukisa ukuncipha.

Ngo-1978, i-BC Godsell yase-United Kingdom yashicilela imiphumela yayo yocwaningo mayelana nokwenziwa kabusha kwensimbi ye-ductile. Kusukela lapho, ucwaningo lokuhlola lwenqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambili aluphazanyiswanga, futhi inqubo manje isivuthiwe. Okwe-iron cast iron, i-silicon carbide inoculation pretreatment inganciphisa izinga lokupholisa ngokweqile futhi yehlise ukuthambekela komlomo omhlophe; khulisa umnyombo we-graphite, ukhuthaze ukwakheka kwe-A-type graphite, unciphise noma uvimbele ukukhiqizwa kohlobo lwe-B, uhlobo lwe-E nohlobo lwe-D, futhi wandise inani lamaqoqo eutectic. I-flake graphite enhle; i-spheroidal graphite cast iron, ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-silicon carbide inoculation kuthuthukisa ukwanda kwenani lamabhola we-graphite ku-iron cast, isilinganiso se-spheroidization, kanye nokujikeleza kwamabhola we-graphite.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon carbide kungaqinisa umphumela we-deoxidation kanye nokwehliswa kwe-iron oxide, kwenze isakhiwo sensimbi sihlanganiswe futhi sandise ukushelela kwendawo yokusika. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon carbide kunganweba impilo yodonga lwesithando ngaphandle kokukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium nesibabule sensimbi encibilikisiwe.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe:Ngabe i-Silicon Carbide Iyithuthukisa Kanjani Ikhwalithi Ye-Castings?

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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