I-Atmosphere Control Ngesikhathi Sintering Inqubo Yensimbi Esetshenzisiwe Nokusebenza Kwayo

Isimo sesintering nokukhethwa kwaso

Uma kubhekwa kuphela ukufakwa kwensimbi equkethe ikhabhoni, isimo sintering esisetshenziswa embonini yokusansimbi nge-powder yi-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, i-nitrogen + i-hydrogen (ikhabhoni engenzeka noma i-carbon engenzeka), ukubola kwe-ammonia, i-endothermic gas, i-endothermic gas + nitrogen, Ukuhlanganiswa kwegesi nokuphefumula, ukukhethwa okulungile kwesimo sintering kudinga ukuqonda kwezici nokusebenza kwama-atmosfera ahlukahlukene, nokukhethwa ngokuya ngemigomo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokunciphisa izindleko.

I-Hydrogen yindawo ekwehlisayo eqinile. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-hydrogen inomphumela othile we-decarburization, kepha lokhu kuncike kakhulu ebumsulweni be-hydrogen esetshenzisiwe kune-hydrogen uqobo. Ngokuvamile, i-hydrogen ngemuva kwe-electrolysis noma ukuguqulwa kwe-catalytic iqukethe inani elithile legesi lokungcola, njenge-H2O, i-O2, i-CO ne-CH4, njll., Kwesinye isikhathi inani eliphelele lingafinyelela cishe ku-0.5%. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukomisa nokuyihlanza ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ukunciphisa okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo nendawo yamazolo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yentengo ephezulu ye-hydrogen, i-hydrogen emsulwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhwamula ngaphandle uma kunezizathu ezithile.

I-nitrogen igesi ye-inert ephephile futhi eshibhile, kepha ngenxa yokuthi i-nitrogen emsulwa ayinakho ukunciphisa emazingeni okushisa oku-sintering, i-nitrogen emsulwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa njengomoya wokukhiqiza ekukhiqizeni insimbi yendabuko yensimbi yokusansimbi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba izindleko zokuhlanzwa kwe-nitrogen sehlile nokuqina komoya kwesithando sintering sekuthuthukile, i-nitrogen nayo isiqale ukusetshenziswa njengomoya wokuhwaya wensimbi equkethe ikhabhoni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingxube ye-nitrogen-hydrogen ibisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni i-carbon steel. I-nitrogen / hydrogen ivame ukusetshenziswa phakathi kuka-95 / 5-50 / 50. Le ngxube inezinga elithile lokuncipha futhi iphuzu lamazolo lingafinyelela ngezansi kuka-60 ℃, uma kukhulunywa nje, inani elithile le-CH4 noma i-C3H8 kufanele lengezwe ukugcina amandla athile ekhabhoni lapho usebenzisa leli gesi ngo-1050-1150 ℃, ngenkathi kusiliwa i-carbon steel ngenhla kwe-1250 ℃ ayidingi ukulawula amandla ekhabhoni. Le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-alloys ane-chromium aqukethe insimbi angaphansi kwe-1120 ° C ngaphandle kwe-oxidation.

I-ammonia ebolile yenziwa ngokubola kwegesi ye-ammonia ngokusebenzisa i-catalyst evuthayo, kufaka phakathi i-75% H2 ne-25% N2. Kepha uma kukhulunywa nje, inani elincane lama-molecule e-ammonia angakaqedwa ahlala ku-ammonia ebolile. Lapho zithintana nensimbi eshisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, zizoqobeka zibe ama-athomu asebenzayo e-hydrogen ne-nitrogen, ngaleyo ndlela i-nitriding insimbi. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi uma ilawulwa kahle, i-sintering AstaloyCrM e-1120 ° C izobola futhi ihlanganise inhlanganisela ye-90N2 / 10H2 ngokuncipha okunamandla. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi la ma-athomu e-hydrogen asebenzayo asanda kubola ngesikhathi sintering asebenza kangcono kune-90N2 / I-hydrogen ku-10H2 igesi exubile inokuncipha okunamandla futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ungqimba lwe-oxide ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya ze-AstaloyCrM. Ukuhlanza nokubola i-ammonia, ungayidlulisa emanzini bese uyomisa, noma usebenzise i-alumina esebenzayo noma i-sieve yamangqamuzana ukususa i-All ammonia esele isusiwe.

Igesi le-Endothermic luhlobo oluthile lwegesi exubekile etholwe ngokuxuba igesi ye-hydrocarbon (CH4 noma i-C3H8) nomoya ngesilinganiso esithile, ukushisa kuqala ku-900-1000 ° C, nokuguqula okunamandla nge-nickel oxide catalyst. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso somoya negesi yamalahle, inqubo yokuguqulwa ihambisana nokusabela okweqile noma okweqile. Umphumela wegesi oxubekile ubizwa ngokuthi i-endothermic gas noma i-exothermic gas, kanti ukuphendula kungaba kanjena:

CmHn+m(O2+3.774N2)—mCO+n/H2+1.887mN2

Uma ukusabela okungenhla kuzokwenziwa ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, yonke i-C eseCmHm isanda kuphendula nge-O2 emoyeni, umoya / igesi edingekayo kufanele ibe m / 2 (1 + 3.774), okuyi-2.387m. Isibonelo, uma igesi ye-hydrocarbon esetshenzisiwe ingu-CH4, umoya / igesi edingekayo kufanele ibe yi-2.387, kanti igesi elixubekile elikhiqizwe ngalesi sikhathi lifaka i-40.9% H2, 38.6% N2 ne-20.5% CO. Ngemuva kokuphendula, igesi elixubekile liqukethe i-H2 Okuqukethwe kwe-CO ne-CO kuyehla ngokwanda komoya / igesi, kepha okuqukethwe yi-H2O ne-CO2 kuyanda. Kubonisa futhi ukuthi ikhono lekhabhoni kugesi elixubekile ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kwehle ngokunyuka komoya / igesi, nokusebenza kokuxhuma kuyanda. Lesi futhi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza igesi exothermic ingasetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kusetshenzwa insimbi equkethe ikhabhoni, futhi kusetshenziswa negesi yokuphela komzimba.

Ngokuvamile, igesi elixubekile elikhiqizwa umoya / igesi phakathi kuka-2.0-3.0 libizwa ngokuthi ukumunca igesi eshisayo, kuthi igesi elixubekile elikhiqizwe lapho isilinganiso sikhulu kuno-5.0 libizwa ngokuthi igesi exothermic. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwephuzu lamazolo legesi yokuphela komzimba ekhiqizwe ne-CH4 njengoba impahla eluhlaza kanye nomoya / igesi kukhombisa ukuthi umoya / igesi inyuka kuphela isuka ku-2.4 iye ku-2.5, kanti iphuzu lamazolo legesi elixubekile elikhiqiziwe lisuka ku -25 ° C liye ku ngenhla kuka-0 ° C. Ngakho-ke, uma abasebenzisi bekhiqiza i-endothermic bebodwa, kufanele banake ngokukhethekile ukulawula isilinganiso somoya nomoya ezintweni ezingavuthiwe (okungcono kungabi ngaphezu kuka-2.4) ukuthola igesi yokuphela komhlaba enendawo yamazolo ephansi ngokwanele. Kumagesi ahlanganisiwe ngemuva kokuphendula, isilinganiso samagesi ahlukile sifana nesilinganiso esisekugcineni kokuphendula, ngokuvamile (1000-1100 ° C).

Ngemuva kokuphendula, uma izinga lokushisa kwegesi liguquka, amandla ekhabhoni wegesi elixubekile, iphuzu lamazolo kanye nenani lamagesi ahlukahlukene zizoshintsha. Abakhiqizi abaningi be-metallurgy powder basebenzisa i-generator eyodwa ekhungathekisayo ukuze banikeze indawo edingekayo yokuthungatha amafanishi amaningi okucheba ngasikhathi sinye ngepayipi. Izinga lokushisa komkhathi lehlisiwe ngaphambi kokufinyelela esithandweni somlilo. . Uma ukufakwa kwepayipi akukuhle, futhi izinga lokushisa lodonga lwamapayipi lungaphansi kuka-800 ° C, khona-ke ingxenye yekhabhoni esegesi elixutshiwe izobekwa odongeni lwamapayipi ngendlela yesikhutha esimnyama. Ngamanye amagama, lapho igesi elixubekile lifudunyezwa kuze kube sezingeni lokushisa elimnyama esithandweni sintering, ukushisa kwalo kwekhabhoni kuncane kakhulu kunamandla ekhabhoni anganikezwa yi-endothermic gas generator.

Kulokhu, inani elifanele le-methane noma le-propane kufanele lengezwe esithandweni somlilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhabhoni ingaba khona esithandweni somlilo. Manje abanye abakhiqizi be-metallurgy bakwamanye amazwe sebeqalile ukufaka i-generator encane yokuphehla ugesi eceleni kwesithando ngasinye sintering, futhi basebenzise igesi yokuphela komhlaba esanda kukhiqizwa ngqo esithandweni sintering ngaphandle kokupholisa, ukuze kugweme ukuthinta isimo sintering ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa . . Elinye iphuzu okufanele likhunjulwe ukuthi noma kunomphumela wokuthaka we-nickel oxide catalyst, inani elincane legesi le-hydrocarbon (CH4 noma i-C3H8, njll.) Lihlala kugesi oxubekile otholwe ngemuva kokuhambisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwamagesi at 900-1100 ℃ Ngemuva kokuthi impendulo ifinyelele ukulingana, kuzokhiqizwa inani elincane le-CO2 ne-H2O (gaseous), elidinga ukomiswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Ukwengezwa kwe-nitrogen kumoya we-endothermic kunganciphisa okuqukethwe okuhlobene ne-CO, i-CO2 ne-H2O kumoya we-endothermic, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzwela komkhathi ekungeneni kwekhabhoni kanye nephuzu lamazolo, futhi kwenziwe amanye ama-coefficients wokuhlangana esimweni sintering ukulawula.

Igesi elenziwayo iyindlela ehlongozwayo ngabakhiqizi besithando sangaphandle sintering eminyakeni yamuva ukukhiqiza (i-dilute) i-endothermic gas esithandweni somlilo (ngaphandle kwesidingo se-endothermic gas generator ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo). Ixubanisa i-methyl alcohol ne-nitrogen enegesi ngesilinganiso esithile bese ibudlulisela ngqo esithandweni somlilo. Ukuphendula okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu:

I-CH3OH — CO + 2H2

Ngoba isilinganiso se-CO ne-H2 kugesi obolile silingana nesilinganiso segesi yokuphela komzimba ekhiqizwa indlela ejwayelekile ne-CH4, futhi i-nitrogen exubekile ingahlanganiswa ukuhlanganisa umoya oxubene nokwakheka okufanayo negesi yokuphela komzimba (1L) Imethane ihambelana ne-1.05nm3 nitrogen). Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke ukuthi ayidingi i-endothermic gas generator ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi bangaxuba inani elihlukile legesi le-nitrogen ukukhiqiza igesi ye-endothermic ehlanjululwe ngokuya ngezidingo zabo.

Umshini futhi uluhlobo lwesimo sintering, esisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufaka insimbi engagqwali nezinye izinto, kepha hhayi ukusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhipha insimbi yensimbi.

Izici zomzimba zesimo sintering

Iningi lamaphepha asemkhathini wokumisa umoya kanye nemibiko ikakhulu axoxa ngokuziphatha kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokumisa kanye nomzimba osikiwe ngesikhathi sintering, kepha kuyaqabukela kuxoxwe ngomthelela wezakhiwo zomkhathi ohlukile ekuhlanzeni, yize lokhu kutholakala ezimweni eziningi. unganakwa. Isibonelo, umehluko we-viscosity yegesi uzobangela i-gradient yokuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali yomzimba osikiwe kusuka ebusweni kuye ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ekuvulekeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zomzimba osikiwe. Ngesinye isibonelo, amandla okushisa nokushisa okushisayo kwamagesi ahlukahlukene anomthelela omkhulu esikhathini sintering nasezingeni lokupholisa. Lesi sigaba sibala izakhiwo zomzimba ezisemkhathini zamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene (ezungeze ithempelesha lokushisa) ukuze kubhekiselwe abafundi.

Izibonelo zezinkinga ezihlobene nomoya ngesikhathi sintering

Izibonelo zokuqhekeka ebusweni bezingxenye ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa kwamanzi

Lapho kusetshenziswa isithando somlilo esincamathelisa ibhande futhi kusetshenziswa igesi endothermic njengomoya oshisayo, uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka nomoya osendaweni engalawulwa kahle, ukuqhekeka komhlaba kuzokwenzeka. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lo mkhuba ubangelwa ukubola okusheshayo kwe-lubricant Kubangelwa, kepha akunjalo. Isizathu sangempela ukuthi i-carbon monoxide esemgodini we-endothermic ibolile ibe yi-carbon eqinile ne-carbon dioxide ebangeni lokushisa elingu-450-700 ℃ ngaphansi kwe-catalysis yensimbi, i-nickel nezinye izinsimbi. Yikhabhoni eqinile esanda kufakwa ezimbotsheni zomzimba osikiwe eyandisa ivolumu yayo futhi ibangele into eqhamuke ngenhla yokuqhekeka komhlaba.

Ikhwalithi yezingxenye iyahlukahluka ngokushisa ngesikhathi sintering process in a different atmospheres. Phakathi kwazo, i-atmospheric 3 igesi yamalahle eyomile yokuphela komkhathi, kanti ama-atmosferi 4 no-5 yigesi yamalahle e-endothermic engezwe ngamanani ahlukene omphunga wamanzi. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlwaya, ikhwalithi yezingxenye iqala ukwehla cishe ngo-200 ° C, okusho ukuthi igrisi eqinile engaphakathi kuyo iyaqhubeka ibola futhi igcwala umzimba ominyene, kunciphise ikhwalithi yawo. Vele, uma kungekho igrisi eqinile empupheni exubekile, into engenhla ayikho. Uma kusetshenziswa lezi zindawo ezintathu ezingenhla, uma woma umkhathi kusuka kukhwalithi yomzimba osikiwe cishe ku-450 ° C, lesi simo siyoba sibi ngokwengeziwe.

Kepha okuthokozisayo ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa igesi 3 (eyomile i-endothermic gas), ukuqhekeka komhlaba kwenzeka kungakhathalekile ukuthi kukhona yini izinto zokugcoba eziqinile, okukhombisa ukuthi ayihlobene ngqo ne-dewaxing, kanti negesi ecebile ngekhabhoni itholakala emifantwini. Phenomenon, singakuqinisekisa ukunemba kwencazelo engenhla.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokugwema ukuvela kwesimo esichazwe ngenhla. Into eqonde kakhulu ukuguqula isimo sintering sisuke kwi-endothermic gas sibe ingxube ye-hydrogen-nitrogen ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kolayini abaphukile. Uma isimo sintering singenakuguqulwa, kunezindlela ezimbili. Okunye ukushaya ingxenye yegesi yokuphela komhlaba equkethe umhwamuko wamanzi endaweni ecekela phansi isithando somlilo. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela kunzima ukuthola ukulawula okuzinzile ekusebenzeni kwangempela.

Ukulawulwa kokuhamba komoya kwesithando somlilo akukuhle, futhi isimo sendawo yamazolo ephezulu engena endaweni yobumanzi singathinta ikhwalithi yesintering. Indlela yesibili nenhle kakhulu ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokushisa kwezingxenye ezisendaweni yokwehliswa amandla kwesithando sintering ukuyenza idlule ama-450 ngokushesha okukhulu. Endaweni lapho ukuqhekeka kwenzeka khona -600 ° C, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-dewaxing esheshayo kuvame ukwakhelwa lesi simo.

2 Isibonelo se-AstaloyCrM sintering

I-chromium yensimbi isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-alloy steel ngenxa yentengo yayo ephansi nomphumela omuhle wokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, i-chinthi equkethe i-chromium izohlangana nezinkinga eziningi kwinqubo yayo yokukhiqiza. Okunye ukukhiqizwa kwempuphu yensimbi equkethe i-chromium, okumele yenziwe i-atomization eqinile nenqubo yokuncishiswa kokuncishiswa ukuze ithole impuphu eluhlaza engakhiwa nge-oxygen ephansi nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. .

U-Honganas AB waseSweden njengamanje ukuphela komkhiqizi emhlabeni ongaveza le mpuphu eluhlaza ngezinto eziphansi. Okwesibili ukuthi noma ngabe kutholakala i-chromium yensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme, uma ukushisa kokushisa nokushisa okuphakathi, ikakhulukazi isimo sintering, kungalawulwa kahle, kuzoba nokwenzeka ukuthi kube ne-oxidized ngesikhathi sintering ne-oxidation, futhi ukusebenza kokuhluza kuzoncishiswa.

Izibalo ze-Thermodynamic kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlola kufakazele ukuthi uma igesi yokuphela kwesikhashana isetshenziswa njengomoya oshisayo we-AsaloyCrM, izidingo zesintering azikwazi ukufinyelelwa noma ngabe indawo yamazolo iphansi kakhulu.

Ngamanye amagama, ingxube ye-hydrogen ehlanzekile noma i-hydrogen-nitrogen kuphela engasetshenziselwa ukushisa i-AsaloyCrM. Njengamanje, iningi lokugcina lisetshenzisiwe. , Inani lama-akhawunti e-hydrogen angama-5% -20%. Umfundi kufanele akhunjuzwe hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwesimo sintering, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesikhala sintering.

Lokho okubizwa ngekhwalithi lapha kubhekise ezingeni le-oxidation esimeni sintering, esivame ukulinganiswa yingcindezi engatheni yomoya-mpilo osemkhathini. Lapho kukhanywa ngo-1120 ℃, uma ingcindezi engaphelele yomoya-mpilo emkhathini ingaphansi kwe-1 × 10-14Pa, i-oxidation ngeke yenzeke ngesikhathi sintering.

Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, ukuvimbela uketshezi, i-oxygen ingcindezi engatheni emkhathini iyadingeka nokuba ibe phansi kakhulu. Ukubalwa okungenhla kuqinisekiswe yimininingwane yokuhlola.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe: I-Atmosphere Control Ngesikhathi Sintering Inqubo Yensimbi Esetshenzisiwe Nokusebenza Kwayo

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off