Izimbangela Zokufa Kokuqothuka Ngesikhathi Sokunyathela Ukusetshenziswa Kwensimbi

Isikhathi sokushicilela: 06 / 28 2021 Umbhali: Isihleli Sesayithi Vakashela: 11196

Ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokugxivizwa nezimo zokusebenza ezihlukile, kunezizathu eziningi zokuqhuma kokufa. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezimbangela zokuqhuma kokuqamba ekwakhiweni, ekwenziweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwalo, futhi kwenziwa nezinyathelo zokwenza ngcono ezihambisanayo.

Izinto zesikhunta azilihle, futhi kulula ukugqobhoza ekucubunguleni okwalandela

Impilo ye-die yezinto ezahlukahlukene ivame ukwehluka. Ngalesi sizathu, kubekwa izidingo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokwenziwa kwezingxenye zokusebenza zeday:

(1) Ukusebenza kokusebenza kwendaba kufanele kube nokuqina okuphezulu (58-64HRC) namandla amakhulu, futhi kube nokuqina kokugqoka okuphezulu nobulukhuni obanele, ukusonteka kokulashwa kokushisa okuncane, kanye nezinga elithile lobulukhuni obushisayo;
(2) Ukusebenza okuhle kwenqubo. Inqubo yokucubungula nokukhiqiza izingxenye zokusebenza ezisebenza ngokujwayelekile kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele ivumelane nezimo kumasu wokucubungula ahlukahlukene, njengokukhwabanisa, ukusebenza ngemishini, ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuqeda ukuzwela kokuqhekeka nokusebenza kokugaya, njll.

Ukwelashwa ngokushisa: ukusonteka okubangelwa ukucisha okungafanele nenqubo yokushisa

Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ikhwalithi yokucubungula okushisayo kwesikhunta inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasempilweni yenkonzo yesikhunta. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni nasezibalweni zezimbangela zokwehluleka kwesikhunta, kungabonakala ukuthi "izingozi" zokwehluleka kwesikhunta ezibangelwa i-akhawunti engafanele yokwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezu kuka-40%.

(1) inqubo UKWAKHA Lesi isixhumanisi ebalulekile inqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye isikhunta ukusebenza. Kwisikhunta sensimbi esine-alloy ephezulu, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zivame ukubeka phambili isakhiwo se-metallographic njengokuhanjiswa kwama-carbides kulokho okusetshenzisiwe.
(2) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala kufanele kwamukele ukuncishwa, ukuvama noma ukucima kanye nezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa zokuqala ukushisa ngokuya ngezinto nezidingo zezingxenye zokusebenza zesikhunta ukwenza ngcono isakhiwo, ukuqeda ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo sokungabi nalutho, futhi kuthuthukise ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe. I-high-carbon alloy die die ibhekana nokwelashwa okufanelekile kokuqala, okungaqeda i-cementite yenethiwekhi yesibili noma i-chain carbides, i-spheroidize futhi icwenge i-carbides, futhi ikhuthaze ukufana kokusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide, okuzuzisayo ukuqinisekisa ukucima nokushisa ikhwalithi, kuthuthukise impilo yesikhunta .
(3) Ukucima nokushisa yizixhumanisi eziyinhloko ekwelapheni ukushisa kwesikhunta. Uma ukushisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucisha nokushisa, ngeke nje kubangele ukuqina okukhulu komsebenzi, kodwa futhi kungadala kalula ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa, okuzothinta kakhulu impilo yesikhunta. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvimbeleni i-oxidation kanye ne-decarburization ngesikhathi sokucisha nokushisa kofayo, futhi imininingwane yenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Lapho izimo zivuma, kungasetshenziswa ukwelashwa kokushisa. Ngemuva kokucima, kufanele ithambeke ngesikhathi, futhi izinqubo ezihlukile zokushisa kufanele zamukelwe ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe.
(4) Izinsiza-kusebenza zokuxineka ezifake izingxenye ezisebenzayo zokufa kufanele zithole ukwelashwa kokuncishiswa kokuxinwa ngemuva kokukhanda okweqile. Inhloso ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa imishini emibi, ukuze kugwenywe ukusonteka ngokweqile nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokucima. Okwabunjiwe abanezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, badinga ukuthola ukukhululeka kwengcindezi kanye nokwelashwa okuncane ngemuva kokugaya noma imishini kagesi, evumayo ukuzinzisa ukunemba kwesikhunta nokwenza ngcono impilo yenkonzo.

Ukubumbela kokugaya akwanele, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-flexural

Ikhwalithi ephezulu yezingxenye zokusebenza kwesikhunta inobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu nokuqina kwesikhunta, ukumelana nokwaphuka nokubambelela, okuthinta ngqo impilo yesevisi yesikhunta, ikakhulukazi inani lobukhulu bendawo linomthelela omkhulu empilweni yesikhunta. Uma inani lobukhulu bendawo likhulu kakhulu, ukucindezelwa kwengcindezi kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi somsebenzi, futhi imifantu izokwenzeka kalula phakathi kweziqongo nezigodi, ezizothinta ukuqina kofayo, nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yokusebenza, okuthinta ngqo insizakalo impilo yokufa kanye nokunemba, ngalokhu, kufanele unake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

(1) Ngesikhathi sokucubungula izingxenye zokusebenza kwesikhunta, kubalulekile ukuvimbela isimo sokugaya nokushisa ubuso bezingxenye, nezimo zenqubo yokugaya nezindlela zenqubo (njengokugaya ubulukhuni besondo, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, isipholisi, isilinganiso sokuphakelayo kanye neminye imingcele) kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile;
(2) Phakathi nenqubo machining, ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka okukhulu okufana omaka omaka, interlayers, imifantu, kanye nomthelela izibazi ebusweni izingxenye isikhunta ukusebenza. Ukuba khona kwalokhu kukhubazeka kuzodala ukugxila kwengcindezi futhi kube yimbangela yokuphuka, okuholele ekuhlulekeni kokuqala kwesikhunta;
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kokugaya, ukugaya nokupholisha nokunye ukuqedela nokucubungula okuhle ukuthola inani elincane lobukhulu besimo futhi kuthuthukise impilo yokusebenza kwesikhunta.

Inqubo yokuqamba

Amandla okubumba akwanele, isikhala sommese wommese siseduze kakhulu, ukwakheka kwesikhunta akunangqondo, inani lamabhulokhi wethempulethi alanele, alikho ibhodi elisekelayo, isikhunta asiqondiswa kahle, futhi igebe alinangqondo.

(1) engenangqondo yokuphindisela indlela yesakhiwo yokuphakelayo yokuhlelwa nokugqagqana, futhi inani elincane kakhulu lokugqagqana livame ukudala ukugqashuka okusheshayo kwesikhunta noma ukulimala kwesikhunta se-convex ne-concave. Ngokufanelekile khetha indlela yokuhlelwa nenani lomngcele ukuthuthukisa impilo yesikhunta.
(2) Ukuqondiswa okuqondile nokunokwethenjelwa kwemishini yokuqondisa isikhunta kunomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ukugqoka kwezingxenye zokusebenza kwesikhunta nokugwema ukulimala kwesikhunta se-convex ne-concave, ikakhulukazi isikhunta esingenalutho nesincane esingenalutho, isikhunta esiyinhlanganisela neziteshi eziningi. Ukufa okuqhubekayo kuyasebenza kakhulu. Ukuze uthuthukise impilo yesikhunta, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe kahle ifomu eliqondisayo bese unquma ukunemba kwendlela eqondisayo ngokuya kwenqubo yenqubo nokunemba kwezingxenye.
(3) Amapharamitha wejometri onqenqemeni lokusika lwesikhunta (i-convex ne-concave mold).

Inqubo yokusika izintambo

Ukusikwa kwentambo kudonswe ngokungeyikho, igebe lokusika intambo liphethwe ngokungalungile, futhi ungqimba lwe-metamorphic aluthinteki yi-engeli ecacile nokusikwa kwentambo.

Umphetho wokusika we-die ucutshungulwa kakhulu ngocingo. Ngenxa yomphumela oshisayo kanye ne-electrolysis yenqubo yokusika izintambo, kukhiqizwa ukushuba okuthile kwesendlalelo se-metamorphic ebusweni besikhunta, okwenza ukuthi ubunzima bendawo banciphe, kanye nokuvela kwama-microcracks, njll., Kwenza ukusika kwentambo kufe ithambekele ekugqokeni kokuqala, okuthinta ngqo igebe lokulala elingenalutho. Ukugcina nokusika imiphetho kulula ukusika nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi yesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, kunqubo yokusika okuku-inthanethi, kufanele kukhethwe amazinga kagesi afanelekile ukunciphisa ukujula kwesendlalelo se-metamorphic.

Ukukhethwa Punch Izinsiza kusebenza

I-punch tonnage, amandla e-punching akwanele, futhi ne-die ilungiswa ngokujule kakhulu.

Ukunemba nokuqina kwemishini yokushaya isitampu (njengemishini yokunyathelisa) kunomthelela obaluleke kakhulu empilweni yoshonile. Imishini yokunyathela inokunemba okuphezulu nokuqina okuhle, futhi impilo yokufa ithuthukiswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, okokusebenza kwensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-silicon die die yi-Crl2MoV, engasetshenziswa kumshini ojwayelekile ovulekile onempilo ejwayelekile yokulawula engu-10,000 kuya ku-30,000; ngenkathi isemshinini omusha wokunemba, impilo elawula kabusha i-die ingafinyelela ku-60,000 kuye ku-120,000.

Inqubo Stamping

Ukubambelela kokuqina kokuluhlaza kwezinto ezingxenyeni zokunyathela kuphume ekubekezelelaneni, ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kwempahla, ikhwalithi ephezulu yomhlaba (efana nokugqwala) noma engcolile (njengamabala kawoyela), njll., Izodala ukwanda kokuwohloka kwezingxenye zokusebenza kwesikhunta futhi kube lula iyagunda. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele kuqashelwe:

(1) Sebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinokugaya okuhle ukucubungula ukusebenza ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa isitembu samandla okuqina;
(2) Ngaphambi kokunyathela, ibanga, ukujiya kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zisulwe zihlanzeke. Uma kunesidingo, ama-oxides angaphezulu nokugqwala kufanele kususwe;
(3) Ngokwenqubo yokugxiviza kanye nezinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuthambisa ukwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo kungahlelwa lapho kunesidingo, futhi kungakhethwa izinto zokugcoba nezinqubo zokuthambisa.

8. Ukusetshenziswa okulungile nokunakekelwa okufanele kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza.

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