I General Heat Ukwelashwa Of Steel

Annealing

Insimbi enesakhiwo esiphambuka esimeni sokulingana sishiswa ngamazinga okushisa afanele, agcinwe isikhathi esithile, abese esepholisa kancane (imvamisa selehlile nesithando somlilo) ukuthola isakhiwo esiseduze nesimo sokulingana. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-annealing.

Ukuncishiswa kwensimbi kuhlukaniswe ngokuncishiswa okuphelele, ukufakelwa kwe-isothermal, ukuthwalwa kwe-spheroidizing, ukunwebeka okusakazwayo nokuncishiswa kwengcindezi.

1. Kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele

Ukuqedwa okuphelele kubizwa nangokuthi i-recrystallization annealing, okuwukushisa insimbi ibe ngu-20 ～ ～ 30 ℃ ngenhla kwe-Ac3, uyibambe isikhathi esithile, bese uyipholisa kancane (ukupholisa esithandweni noma ukungcwaba kukalamula nesihlabathi) ukuze thola inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa eduze kwesakhiwo sokulingana. Ukuncishiswa okuphelele kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinsimbi ze-hypoeutectoid.

Inhloso yokuncishiswa okuphelele ukwenziwa kwehomogenize nokucwenga isakhiwo esibi nesingalingani esibangelwe ukusebenza okushisayo ngokufakwa kabusha ngokuphelele kokusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza; noma ukuthola isakhiwo esiseduze nokulingana kwe-carbon steel nensimbi ye-alloy ngaphezu kwekhabhoni eliphakathi. Ukunciphisa ubulukhuni nokwenza ngcono ukusika ukusebenza. Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokupholisa esihamba kancane, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nakho kungasuswa.

2. Ukuncishwa kwe-Isothermal

Ukwehliswa kwe-isothermal ukushisa insimbi ekushiseni okungaphezulu kwe-Ac3 (noma i-Ac1), futhi ngemuva kokubamba isikhathi esifanele, izopholiswa ekushiseni okuthile endaweni yama-pearlite ngokushesha, futhi igcinwe isothermally, ukuze i-austenite isothermally siguqulwe, bese sipholisa kancane Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa.

Inhloso yokuncishiswa kwe-isothermal kuyefana nalokho kokuncishwa okuphelele, okungathola isakhiwo esilindelwe ngomfaniswano; kuma-alloy steels ane-austenite ezinzile, isikhathi sokuncishiswa singancishiswa kakhulu.

3. Ukuncishiswa kokuphamba

Ukwehliswa kwe-spheroidizing kuyinqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ukugcizelela ama-carbides ngensimbi. Inhloso ukuqinisa i-cementite ku-cementite yesibili ne-pearlite (ukujwayela ngaphambi kokufakwa iziphuzo kuzophula i-cementite yenethiwekhi) ukunciphisa ubunzima nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika; nokulungiselela inhlangano ukuqedwa okulandelayo. I-spheroidizing annealing isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi insimbi ye-eutectoid nensimbi ye-hypereutectoid.

I-microstructure yensimbi ye-hypereutectoid ngemuva kokuncishiswa kwe-spheroidizing ilungile futhi ifana ne-cementite eyindilinga esatshalaliswa kumatrix we-ferrite. Ukushisa okushisa kokuncishiswa kwe-spheroidizing kuphakeme kancane kune-Ac1. Ukuncishiswa kwe-spheroidizing kudinga isikhathi eside sokubamba ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwe-spheroidization okuzenzakalelayo kwe-cementite yesibili. Ngemuva kokulondolozwa kokushisa, kupholile nesithando somlilo.

4.Ukunwebeka kokunciphiswa

Ukuze unciphise ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokwakheka kwezinsimbi zensimbi, ukusakaza noma ukufaka amabhilidi, kushise ekushiseni okungaphansi kancane kukalayini we-solidus (100 ℃ ～ 200 ℃ ngaphansi komugqa we-solidus), futhi uwagcine isikhathi eside (10h ～ 15h), Futhi inqubo yokwelashwa yokushisa okupholisa kancane ibizwa ngokuthi ukusabalalisa okuhlanganisayo noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-homogenization.
Izinhlamvu zensimbi ngemuva kokufakwa okuhlanganisiwe zikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukwenziwa ukwelashwa okuphelele noma ukwenziwa kwesijwayelekile.

5. Ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi

Ukwehliswa kwamazinga okushisa aphansi ukuqeda ingcindezi yangaphakathi eyinsalela ku-workpiece ebangelwe ukucubungula okushisayo nokubandayo njengokuphonsa, ukufaka, ukuwelda, ukuwashisa, nokuguquguquka okubandayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhululeka kwengcindezi. Ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi ukufudumeza insimbi ekushiseni okungaphansi kwe-Ac1 (imvamisa okungu-500 ℃ ～ 650 ℃), bese uyipholisa ngesithando somlilo ngemuva kokuyibamba. Lokhu kwelashwa kungaqeda cishe i-50% ～ 80% yengcindezi yangaphakathi ngaphandle kokubangela ukwakheka Okunhlobonhlobo.

Ukujwayela (ukujwayela)

Izingxenye zensimbi noma zensimbi zifudunyezwa zibe ngu-30 ℃ ～ 50 ℃ ngenhla kwe-Ac3 (ngensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) ne-Accm (yensimbi ye-hypereutectoid). Ngemuva kokubamba isikhathi esifanele, ukwelashwa kokushisa kokupholisa umfaniswano emoyeni ogeleza mahhala kubizwa njengokujwayelekile. Isakhiwo ngemuva kokujwayelekile: Insimbi ye-Hypoeutectoid yi-F + S, i-eutectoid insimbi ingu-S, futhi insimbi ye-hypereutectoid yi-S + Fe3CII.

Inhloso yokujwayela ukujwayela ukwakheka kwensimbi, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa okujwayelekile, okusetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

• 1. Njengokulashwa kokugcina kokushisa, ukwenza okujwayelekile kungacwenga okusanhlamvu, kuvuselele isakhiwo, kunciphise okuqukethwe kwe-ferrite ku-hypoeutectoid steel, kwandise futhi kucwenge okuqukethwe yi-pearlite, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amandla, ubulukhuni nobulukhuni bensimbi.
• 2. Njengensimbi yesakhiwo yangaphambi kokushisa evuthayo ene-cross-section enkulu, kuvame ukujwayelekile ngaphambi kokucima noma ukucisha nokushisa (ukucima nokushisa okuphezulu) ukuqeda isakhiwo seWidmanstatten nesakhiwo sebhande futhi uthole isakhiwo esihle nesifana. Ngensimbi ye-hypereutectoid, inani le-cementite yesibili lingancishiswa, futhi ngeke lenze inethiwekhi eqhubekayo yokulungiselela ukwakheka kokuncishiswa kwe-spheroidizing.
• 3. Thuthukisa ukusika ukusebenza

Ukucima

Fudumeza insimbi ngaphezulu kokushisa kwesigaba sokushintshwa (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid ingama-30 ℃ ～ 50 ℃ ngenhla kwe-Ac3; insimbi ye-eutectoid nensimbi ye-hypereutectoid ingama-30 ～ ～ 50 ℃ ngenhla kwe-Ac1), gcina isikhathi esithile bese upholile ngokushesha ukuthola iMartensite The heat inqubo yokwelashwa kwesakhiwo somzimba ibizwa ngokuthi ukucima.

Icima izinga lokushisa lensimbi

Imidiya yokupholisa esetshenziswa kakhulu amanzi no-oyela. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukushiyeka kwezingxenye ngesikhathi sokucima, ibhavu likasawoti lingasetshenziswa njengendawo ephakathi.

Izindlela zokucima ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile zifaka ukucima okukodwa, okucisha kabili okulingene, ukucisha okuhleliwe kanye nokuthola amandla.

1. Ukuqina kwensimbi

Ikhono lensimbi lokwenza i-martensite lapho licinywa libizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwensimbi.

Ubulukhuni bensimbi bunganqunywa yindlela yokuphelisa ukuphela.

Izici ezithinta ukuqina:

• SteelInsimbi ye-eutectoid enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni inezinga elipholisa elincane kunazo zonke nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu; njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuncipha, izinga lokupholisa elibucayi liyakhuphuka, nobulukhuni buyancipha; Insimbi ye-hypereutectoid iyanda ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, Izinga elibucayi lokupholisa liyakhula, futhi ukuqina kuyancipha.
• ElementsUkuhlanganisa izinto ngaphandle kwe-cobalt, ngemuva kokuthi ezinye izakhi zokuxuba zincibilikiswe ku-austenite, izinga lokupholisa elibucayi liyancishiswa, ijika le-C lishintshela kwesokudla, futhi ukuqina kwensimbi kuyathuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kwensimbi ye-alloy kuvame ukuba ngcono kune-carbon steel.
• TemperatureIzinga lokushisa elikhulisa amandla lenyusa izinga lokushisa, elizokwenza ukuthi okusanhlamvu kwe-austenite kukhule futhi kube nokwakheka okufanayo, okunganciphisa izinga le-nucleation le-pearlite, kunciphise izinga elipholile lokupholisa lensimbi, futhi kukhulise ukuqina kwalo.
• Isigaba sesibili esingahlakazeki ngensimbi. Ama-Carbides, ama-nitride nokunye ukufakwa okungekhona okwensimbi okungancibiliki ku-austenite kungaba ngumgogodla ongazenzakaleli wokubola kwe-austenite, kukhuphule izinga lokupholisa elibucayi nokunciphisa ukucima. Ukuvunyelwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi icinyiwe futhi ithobekile, yonke ingxenye yebha yensimbi enokuqina okuhle i-sorbite enomoya omnene, enezakhiwo ezifanayo zomshini, amandla aphezulu, nobulukhuni obuhle, kuyilapho umgogodla wensimbi onobulukhuni obubi uyi-sorbite + ethambile yomzimba wensimbi, kuphela ungqimba lwaphezulu luyi-sorbite enomoya, futhi umnyombo unamandla nokuqina okuncane.
(a) Kuqiniswe ngokuphelele; (b) Siqiniswe saba ubukhulu obukhulu; (c) Siqiniswe saba wugqinsi oluncane
Ukuqhathanisa izakhiwo zomshini wezinsimbi ezinobunzima obuhlukile ngemuva kokucima nokushisa

2. Ukuqina kwensimbi

Ubulukhuni obuphakeme kakhulu obungatholwa ngemuva kokucishwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwensimbi, okuncikiswa ikakhulukazi yikhabhoni okuqukethwe yi-M.
Abane. 

Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi icishiwe, ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi nokuthola ukwakheka nokusebenza okudingekayo, inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kokuyifudumeza ibe sezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-Ac1, iyibambe isikhathi esithile, bese iyipholisa ekamelweni lokushisa ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tempering.

Ukushisa okuphansi okushisa

Izinga lokushisa elingu-150 ℃ ～ 250 ℃. Ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisa okuphansi, ama-carbide flakes (Fe2.4C) ancishiswa kusuka ku-martensite ecinyiwe, futhi ukushintshwa kwe-martensite kuncishisiwe. Ingxenye ye-austenite egciniwe iguqulwa ibe yi-bainite ephansi, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo ngemuva kokushisa okushisa okuphansi kunemartensite emnene + egcinwe i-austenite. I-bainite engezansi inganakwa.
Inhloso yokushisa okushisa okuphansi ukunciphisa ukucindezela okucimayo, ukwenza ngcono ukuqina komsebenzi, nokuqinisekisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu (imvamisa i-58HRC ～ 64HRC) nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu ngemuva kokucima.

Ukuphefumula

Izinga lokushisa elingu-350 ° C kuye ku-500 ° C, kanye nesakhiwo esixubekile se-ferrite matrix nenani elikhulu le-cementite ehlakazekile etholakele iyatholakala, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tempered troostite (T tempered). I-Ferrite isagcina uhlobo lwe-martensite, futhi i-cementite iqine kakhulu kune-carbides ku-martensite enomoya.
I-troostite emnene inomkhawulo ophakeme nokunwebeka namandla wokukhiqiza, kepha futhi inezinga elithile lobulukhuni, ubulukhuni ngokujwayelekile yi-35HRC ~ 45HRC.

Ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa

Ukushisa okushisa kungu-500 ℃ ～ 650 ℃, futhi isakhiwo esixubekile se-granular cementite ne-ferrite matrix sitholakala, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-sorbite enomsindo.

I-sorbite enomoya omnene

I-sorbite enomoya omnene (i-S tempered) inezici ezinhle kakhulu zomshini, okungukuthi, amandla, i-plasticity nokuqina kungcono, futhi ubulukhuni imvamisa yi-25HRC ～ 35HRC. Ukucima nokushisa okuphezulu okushisa ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokuqeda nokushisa.

I-tempering brittleness yenzeka lapho insimbi isifuthwe, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokushisa emabangeni amabili okushisa angama-250 ～ ～ 400 ℃ no-450 ℃ ～ 650 ℃, ukuqina kwensimbi kuzoncipha kakhulu.
Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwensimbi ngesikhathi se-tempering:

Ubulukhuni bensimbi buyashintsha ngamazinga okushisa ashubile Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwezakhiwo zemishini yensimbi kanye nethempelesha yokushisa

Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ye-martensite, kugcinwe okuqukethwe kwe-austenite, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-carbide nokushisa okushisa ngensimbi ecishiwe.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe:I General Heat Ukwelashwa Of Steel

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

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Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off