Itafula elilodwa ukuqonda ukuphathwa kokushisa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi

Isikhathi sokushicilela: 07 / 21 2021 Umbhali: Isihleli Sesayithi Vakashela: 15574

Itafula elilodwa lokuqonda ukwelashwa kokushisa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi:

Igama				Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa	Inhloso yokwelashwa kokushisa
1. Ukuqondanisa				Shisisa insimbi ekushiseni okuthile, yigcine isikhathi esithile, bese uyipholisa kancane ikushise ekamelweni	①Nciphisa ubulukhuni bensimbi futhi wandise ipulasitiki yokwenza lula ukusika nokubanda kwamaphutha okucubungula
					② Cwenga okusanhlamvu, yifananisa ukwakheka kwensimbi, uthuthukise ukusebenza kwensimbi futhi ulungiselele ukwelashwa kokushisa okulandelayo
					③ Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngensimbi. Vimbela ukusonteka nokuqhekeka kwezingxenye ngemuva kokucubungula
Isigaba se-Annealing	Okuxhunywe ngokuphelele			Shisisa insimbi emazingeni okushisa abucayi (izinga lokushisa elibucayi lezinsimbi ezihlukile lihlukile, ngokuvamile ngo-710-750℃, futhi izinga lokushisa elibucayi lama-alloy steels angafika ku-800-900℃) 30-50℃, yigcine isikhathi esithile, bese ipholisa kancane ngesithando somlilo (noma ingcwatshwe esihlabathini ukuze ipholile)	Cwenga okusanhlamvu, ukuhleleka okufanayo, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukufakwa okuphelele kufanelekile kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni (ingxenyenamba yesisindo) ku-O. Ukuthethelela noma ukukhishwa kwensimbi okungaphansi kuka-8%
	Ukuncishiswa kwe-spheroidizing			Izingxenye zensimbi zifudunyezwa zibe ngu-20 ～ 30ºC ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi, futhi ngemuva kokulondolozwa kokushisa, zipholile kancane ziye ngaphansi kuka-500 ℃ bese zipholisa umoya esithandweni somlilo.	Nciphisa ubulukhuni bensimbi, uthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika, futhi ulungiselele ukucinywa okulandelayo ukunciphisa ukusonteka nokuqhekeka ngemuva kokucima. I-spheroidizing annealing ilungele okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni (ingxenyenamba enkulu) enkulu kune-O. 8% yensimbi yensimbi nensimbi yensimbi
	Ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi			将 Fudumeza izingxenye zensimbi ziye ku-500 ～ 650ºC, zigcine isikhathi esithile, bese wehlisa kancane (ngokuvamile sebenzisa ukupholisa isithando somlilo)	Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokushisela nokuqondisa okubandayo kwezingxenye zensimbi, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokusika izingxenye ezinemba kahle, ukuvimbela ukusonteka ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo
					Ukwehliswa kwengcindezi kufanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphonsa, ukukhohlwa, izingxenye eziphotheneyo nezingxenye ezibandayo ezikhishiwe, njll.
2. Ukwenza okujwayelekile				Fudumeza insimbi iye ku-40 ～ 60ºC ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi, yigcine isikhathi esithile, bese uyipholisa emoyeni	①Thuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlangano nokusebenza kokusika
					② Ukwenza okujwayelekile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kwezingxenye ezingadingi izakhiwo eziphezulu zomshini
					③ Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi
3. Ukucima				Fudumeza izingxenye zensimbi ekushiseni okucimayo, uzigcine isikhathi esithile, bese uzipholisa ngokushesha emanzini, emanzini anosawoti noma uwoyela (izinto ngazinye emoyeni)	①Yenza izingxenye zensimbi zithole ubulukhuni obuphakeme futhi zigqoke ukumelana
Icima isigaba		Ukucima uketshezi olulodwa		Izingxenye zensimbi zifudunyezwa ekushiseni okucimayo, futhi ngemuva kokulondolozwa kokushisa, zipholile kumenzeli wokucima	②Yenza izingxenye zensimbi zithole ezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile ngemuva kokushisa, njengamandla aphezulu, ukuqina nokuqina, njll.
				Ukucima uketshezi olulodwa kulungele kuphela izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi nezingxubevange zensimbi ezinomumo olula nezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphansi. Lapho ucima, izingxenye zensimbi yekhabhoni enobubanzi noma ubukhulu obukhulu kune-5-8mm, khetha amanzi anosawoti noma ukupholisa amanzi; ingxubevange steel izingxenye khetha uwoyela Ukupholisa
		Ukucima uketshezi kabili		Izingxenye zensimbi zifudunyezwa ekushiseni okucimayo, ngemuva kokulondolozwa kokushisa, zipholile ngokushesha ziye ku-300-400ºC emanzini, bese zihanjiswa emafutheni okupholisa
		Ukuqina kwelangabi		Sebenzisa ingxube ye-acetylene ne-oksijini ukufafaza ilangabi ebusweni bengxenye ukushisa ngokushesha ingxenye ekushiseni okucimayo, bese ufafaza ngokushesha ingxenye yaleyo ndawo ngamanzi. Ukucima ubuso kwelangabi kufanelekile ekukhiqizweni okukodwa noma okuncane, futhi indawo edinga ukumelana nokuqina nokuqina. Izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu eziphakathi nendawo zekhabhoni nezingaphakathi ezinekhabhoni ezingamelana nemithwalo yomthelela, njengama-crankshafts, amagiya nemizila yokuqondisa, njll.
		Ukuqina kokungeniswa komhlaba		Faka ingxenye yensimbi ku-inductor, i-inductor ikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ngaphansi kwesenzo semvamisa ethile yokushintshana kwamanje, futhi ingxenye yensimbi ikhiqiza i-current eyenziwe ngaphansi kwensimu kazibuthe, ukuze ingxenye yengxenye yensimbi kushubile ngokushesha (2-10min) ekushiseni okucimayo, bese ufafaza ngokushesha amanzi ebusweni bensimbi.
				Izingxenye ezilukhuni zokungeniswa komhlaba zinobuso obunzima futhi obugqokayo, kanti umgogodla ugcina amandla nokuqina okuhle.
				Ukwenziwa kobuso be-Surface kulungele insimbi yensimbi ephakathi nensimbi yensimbi enokuqukethwe okuphakathi kwekhabhoni
4. Intukuthelo				Fudumeza izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi, uligcine isikhathi esithile, bese ulipholisa emoyeni noma ku-oyela	① Thola izakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amandla nobulukhuni bezingxenye ngemuva kokucinywa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, kepha ubukhulu beplastiki nokuqina kuyehla kakhulu, futhi izimo zokusebenza zangempela zezingxenye zidinga amandla nobulukhuni. Ngemuva kokukhetha ukushisa okufanelekile kwe-tempering, izakhiwo zomshini ezidingekayo zingatholakala
				Ukushisa kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokucima futhi kuyindlela yokugcina yokwelashwa kokushisa	②Inhlangano ezinzile, usayizi ozinzile
					③ Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi
Isigaba Tempering			Ukushisa okuphansi okushisa	Izingxenye zensimbi eziqinisiwe zifudunyezwa zibe ngu-150-50ºC, bese zigcinwa kulokhu kushisa isikhathi esithile, bese zipholisa emoyeni. Ukushisa okuphansi okuphansi kusetshenziselwa amathuluzi wokusika, amathuluzi wokulinganisa, isikhunta, amabombo agingqekayo nezingxenye ze-carburized, njll.	Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukucisha izingxenye zensimbi
			Ukuphefumula	Sishisa izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe zibe yi-350-450%, bese upholile phansi ngemuva kokubamba isikhathi esithile. Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziselwa izingxenye ezinjengemithombo ehlukahlukene nokushiswa okushisayo kuyafa.	Yenza izingxenye zensimbi zithole ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuthile nobulukhuni
			Ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa	Izingxenye zensimbi ezicinyiwe zifudunyezwa zibe ngama-500~650ºC futhi selehlile ngemuva kokulondolozwa kokushisa. Zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo ezidinga amandla aphezulu nobulukhuni, njengemishayo emikhulu, ama-crankshafts, amakhamera, amagiya nezinduku zokuxhuma.	Yenza izingxenye zensimbi zithole izakhiwo ezingcono eziphelele, okuwukuthi, amandla aphakeme, ukuqina nobulukhuni obanele, futhi uqede ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukuqedwa kwezingxenye zensimbi
5. Isilingo				Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (500~I-600ºC) ukufakwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezicinyiwe kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, njengama-shafts, amagiya, izinduku zokuxhuma, njll. Ukucisha nokushisa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemuva kwemishini emimbi	Cwilisa okusanhlamvu kwe-crystal ukuthola ubunzima obuphakeme namandla anele wezingxenye zensimbi, ukuze inezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele
Ukuphathwa komphumela wesikhathi			Ukuguga okufakelwayo	Izingxenye zensimbi ezicinyiwe zifudunyezwa zibe ngama-100~160℃, ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokulondolozwa kokushisa, bese kupholile	Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, unciphise ukuguquguquka kwengxenye, uzinzise usayizi, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokunemba
			Ukuguga ngokwemvelo	Beka ukusakazwa emoyeni ovulekile; izingxenye zensimbi (ezinjengemigodi emide, izikulufu zomthofu, njll.) zifakwa emanzini olwandle noma zimiswe isikhathi eside noma zishaywe kancane. Izingxenye esezikhulile ngokwemvelo kungcono ukuthi zithanjiswe kuqala
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali				Faka ingxenye yensimbi endaweni yamakhemikhali equkethe ama-athomu asebenzayo (njengekhabhoni, i-nitrogen, i-chromium, njll.), Bese wenza ama-athomu athile aphakathi nendawo angene ebusweni bengxenye yensimbi ngokushisa, ukulondolozwa kokushisa, ukupholisa nezinye izindlela , ukuze kuzuzwe ushintsho Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wengqimba engaphezulu yensimbi okuyingxenye kwenza ungqimba olungaphezulu lwengxenye yensimbi lube nokusebenza okuthile okukhethekile
Isigaba sokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali			Ukuthwebula	Ngena ngaphakathi kuma-athomu ekhabhoni ezingxenyeni zensimbi	Yenza ubuso bube nobulukhuni obuphakeme (HRC60 ～ 65) futhi ugqoke ukumelana, ngenkathi isikhungo sisalokhu siqinile
				Imvamisa isetshenziselwa izingxenye ezingavikeleki futhi ezithintekayo, njengamasondo, amagiya, imiphini, izikhonkwane zepiston, njll.
			I-Nitriding yensimbi	Ngena ngaphakathi kuma-athomu enitrogen ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi	Thuthukisa ubulukhuni nokugqoka ukumelana kobuso bezingxenye zensimbi,
				Imvamisa isetshenziselwa amabhawodi abalulekile, amantongomane, izikhonkwane nezinye izingxenye	Ukumelene nokushisa
			I-Cyanide yensimbi	Ngena ngaphakathi ama-athomu ekhabhoni ne-nitrogen ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi ngasikhathi sinye. Ifanele i-carbon steel ephansi, i-carbon steel yensimbi noma izingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy, futhi ingasetshenziselwa amathuluzi wensimbi asheshayo.	Thuthukisa ubulukhuni nokugqoka ukumelana nongqimba ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi
8. Ukwenza mnyama				Izingxenye zensimbi ziyafudunyezwa futhi zixhunywe ku-alkali ne-oxidant solution eqinile, ukuze kwakheke ifilimu kazibuthe we-ferroferric oxide ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa insimbi engaphansi kwekhabhoni nensimbi yethuluzi eliphansi lekhabhoni.	I-anti-rust, yandisa ubuhle nokucwebezela kobuso bensimbi, futhi uqede ukucindezeleka kwinqubo yokuqeda
				Ngenxa yethonya lezinto zokwakha nezinye izinto, umbala wefilimu woqweqwe lokumnyama uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama, omnyama, obomvu-nsundu, i-tan, njll, futhi ubukhulu bawo bungu-0.6~O. 8µm

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