Umehluko Kuzimpawu Zokuqina Kwe-Ductile Iron

Ngokuvamile, ama-ductile iron castings anokuthambekela okukhulu kokuncipha kanye ne-porosity kune-grey iron castings. Ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwe-shrinkage imvamisa kuyinkinga enzima kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwenqubo. Mayelana nalokhu, isipiliyoni esifingqiwe kusuka ekukhiqizweni kwangempela asihambisani, futhi ngamunye unemibono yakhe: abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi inqubo yokuqiniswa okulandelanayo kufanele ilandelwe, bese kukhuphuka isikhuphukeli esikhulu endaweni yokugcina yokuqinisa ukwengeza ivolumu yenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina yokusakaza. Ukuncipha; Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi izingxenye zensimbi ezi-nodular zidinga kuphela ama-risers amancane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukusakazwa kwemisindo kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuphakama.

Ukukhulisa izinga lokukhiqiza lenqubo ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi yokusakazwa, akwanele ukulawula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yensimbi. Ngokwesisekelo sokuqonda izici zokuqinisa zensimbi ye-ductile, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngempumelelo ukuncibilikisa, i-spheroidization, inoculation kanye nokwelashwa kwensimbi yensimbi. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthela ukusebenza, ukuqina kwesikhunta kufanele kulawulwe ngempumelelo.

1. Izici Zokuqina Kwensimbi ye-Ductile

Iningi le-nodular cast iron elisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela lisondele ekwakhiweni kwe-eutectic. Ukusakazwa okubiyelwe ngodonga kusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-hypoeutectic, futhi ukusakazwa okubiyelwe okuncane kunokwakhiwa kwe-hypereutectic, kepha akukude nokwakhiwa kwe-eutectic.

Ngensimbi ye-ductile enezinto ze-eutectic kanye ne-hypereutectic, amabhola amancane we-graphite aqala ukugcotshwa esigabeni samanzi ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-eutectic. Ngisho nasensimbi yensimbi eyenziwe nge-nodular enokwakheka kwe-hypoeutectic, ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokuphakanyiswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization nokwelashwa, amabhola amancane we-graphite azobekwa kuqala ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa lokushisa le-eutectic. Iqoqo lokuqala lemikhakha emincane ye-graphite selakhiwe emazingeni okushisa ayi-1300 ° C noma ngaphezulu.

Enqubweni yokuqina elandelayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, amanye ama-graphite sphere amancane ayakhula, kanti amanye ancibilikiswa ayinsimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi nemikhakha emisha ye-graphite nayo izonqampunuka. Imvula nokukhula kwama-graphite sphere kwenziwa ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi.

Lapho ibhola le-graphite likhula, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okusensimbi encibilikisiwe kuyancipha, futhi kuzokwakhiwa igobolondo le-austenite elizungeze ibhola le-graphite elizungeze ibhola le-graphite. Isikhathi sokwakheka koqweqwe lwe-austenite sihlobene nezinga lokupholisa lokusakazwa kusikhunta: izinga lokupholisa liphezulu, futhi ikhabhoni lensimbi encibilikisiwe ayinaso isikhathi sokusabalala ngokufanayo, futhi uqweqwe lwe-austenite lwakhiwa phambilini; izinga lokupholisa liphansi, okuzuzisa izinga lokupholisa ngensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ikhabhoni isakazeka ngendlela efanayo, bese kwakheka uqweqwe lwe-austenite kamuva.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe igobolondo le-austenite, ibhola le-graphite lixhumana ngqo nensimbi encibilikisiwe enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, futhi nekhabhoni eyinsimbi encibilikisiwe kulula ukusabalala ibe yibhola le-graphite, ukuze ibhola le-graphite likhule. Ngemuva kokuthi kwakhiwe igobolondo le-austenite, ukusakazeka kwekhabhoni ensimbi encibilikisiwe kuya kumabhola we-graphite kuyaphazamiseka, futhi izinga lokukhula kwamabhola we-graphite lehla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushisa okufihliwe kwe-crystallization okukhishwe lapho i-graphite igxilwa kusuka ensimbi encibilikisiwe inkulu, cishe i-3600 J / g, ukushisa okucashile kwe-crystallization okukhishwe lapho i-austenite igxila ngensimbi encibilikisiwe incane, cishe i-200 J / g, yakha igobolondo le-austenite nxazonke ibhola le-graphite Ukukhula kwamabhola we-graphite kuthikamezekile, okuzonciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-crystallization heat latent. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, inqubekela phambili yokuqina kwe-eutectic incike ekuqhubekeni ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-crystal nuclei entsha. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwe-eutectic kwe-spheroidal graphite cast iron kufanele kugcwaliswe ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elikhulu kakhulu, futhi ibanga lokushisa lokuqina liphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu kunalelo le-grey iron iron, enezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokunamathisela.

Ngamafuphi, izici zokuqina zensimbi ye-ductile ikakhulu zinezici ezilandelayo.

1. Ibanga lokushisa elibanzi lokuqina

Kusukela kumdwebo wokulingana we-iron-carbon alloy, ibanga lokushisa lokuqina alibanzi eduze nokwakheka kwe-eutectic. Eqinisweni, ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization kanye ne-inoculation yensimbi encibilikisiwe, inqubo yokuqina iphambuka kude nezimo zokulingana. Cishe ngo-150 ° C ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-eutectic lokushisa (1150 ° C), ama-graphite spheres aqala ukuncipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lapho ushintsho lwe-eutectic luphela khona futhi Kungaba cishe ngama-50 ° C ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokuguquguquka kwe-eutectic.

Ingxubevange enebanga lokushisa elibanzi elibanzi liqina ngendlela yokunamathisela efana nokuqina, futhi kunzima ukufeza ukuqina okulandelanayo kokuphonswa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesimiso somklamo wokuphakama kokuphonswa kwensimbi, uhlelo lwenqubo lokubona ukuqina okulandelanayo kokuphonswa, nokusetha isikhuphukeli esikhulu ekugcineni kokuqina okushisayo akulungile kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-graphite spheres ancishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu futhi kwenzeka uguquko lwe-eutectic, uketshezi-oluqinile izigaba ezimbili zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukuncipha koketshezi nokuqina kokuqina kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ngesikhathi sokuqina kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele ukuncipha koketshezi ngohlelo lokufaka igethi nokukhuphuka njengokusakazwa kwensimbi.

2. Imvula ye-graphite ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-eutectic iholela ekwandeni kwevolumu

Eduzane nokushisa kwe-eutectic, ukuminyana kwe-austenite cishe kungu-7.3g / cm3, futhi ukuminyana kwe-graphite cishe kungu-2.15g / cm3. Ngesikhathi sokuqina kokuphonsa, imvula ye-graphite izodala ukunwetshwa kwevolumu kohlelo. Cishe i-1% (ingxenyenamba yesisindo) ye-graphite eqondile ingaveza ukwanda kwevolumu engu-3.4%.

Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization ku-cast iron kungakhokhela ngempumelelo ukuncipha kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukusakazwa kwemisindo kungenziwa ngaphandle kokunyuka.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi zombili insimbi yensimbi eyimpunga kanye ne-nodular cast iron igcizelela i-graphite ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-eutectic futhi yandiswa ivolumu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenqubo ehlukile ye-graphite morphology nokukhula kwezinsimbi ezimbili, umphumela wokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization ekusebenzeni kokukhishwa kwensimbi yensimbi nayo ihluke kakhulu.

Okwe-flake graphite kuqoqo le-eutectic le-iron cast iron, ichopho elixhumana ngqo nensimbi encibilikisiwe liyakhula ngokukhethekile. Iningi lokunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwa ukukhula kwe-graphite isebenza kwinsimbi encibilikisiwe lapho ihlangana ne-tip ye-graphite, enenzuzo yokuyiphoqa ukuthi igcwalise amagatsha e-austenite. Igebe phakathi kwabo lenza ukusakaza kube mnandi kakhulu.

I-graphite e-nodular cast iron ikhule ngaphansi kwesimo sokuzungezwa ngegobolondo le-austenite. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okwenzeka lapho ibhola le-graphite likhula ikakhulukazi ngegobolondo le-austenite elisebenza ezigabeni eziseduze ze-eutectic, okungenzeka ukuthi ukucindezela kukhulisa igebe phakathi kwamaqoqo eutectic, futhi kulula ukwenza ezindongeni zesikhunta zesikhunta ngokusebenzisa amaqoqo eutectic, okwenza izindonga zesikhunta zihambe.

3. Ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization ngesikhathi sokuqina kokuphonsa kulula ukudala ukuthi isikhunta sihambe odongeni

I-Nodular cast iron iyaqina ngendlela yokunamathisela okufana nokuqina. Lapho ukusakaza kuqala ukuqina, ungqimba lwangaphandle lokuphonsa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sensimbi luncane kakhulu kune-grey iron iron, futhi lukhula kancane. Ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside, ungqimba olungaphezulu lusenamandla. Igobolondo elincane elinobunzima obuphansi. Lapho ukunwetshwa okwenziwe ngomdwebo kwenzeka ngaphakathi, igobolondo langaphandle lingaya ngaphandle uma lingaqinile ngokwanele ukumelana namandla okwandisa. Uma ukuqina kwesikhunta kukubi, ukunyakaza kodonga kuzokwenzeka futhi umgodi uzokwanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuthinteki kuphela ukunemba ngakubili kokuphonsa, kepha ukuncipha ngemuva kokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization akukwazi ukwengezwa, futhi ukukhubazeka okufana nomgodi wokuncipha kanye ne-porosity kuzokwenziwa ngaphakathi kokusakaza.

4. Okuqukethwe yikhabhoni ku-eutectic austenite kuphakeme kunalokho okusensimbi eyimpunga

Ngokusho kombiko wocwaningo olwenziwe nguR.

Lapho i-grey cast iron eutectic iqina, ama-graphite flakes esiqwini se-eutectic athintana ngqo nensimbi i-austenite nensimbi encibilikisiwe enekhabhoni ephezulu. Ikhabhoni eyinsimbi encibilikisiwe ayigcini nje ngokusabalala ibe yi-graphite ngokusebenzisa i-austenite, kodwa futhi iqonde ngqo kwi-graphite flakes, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-austenite kusixhumi esibunjiweyo se-iron-austenite kuphansi, cishe ngo-1.55%.

Lapho i-nodular cast iron iqiniswa nge-eutectic, amabhola e-graphite kuqoqo le-eutectic athinta kuphela igobolondo le-austenite, hhayi ngensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lapho amabhola e-graphite ekhula, i-carbon esensimbi encibilikile iyahlukahluka ibe amabhola we-graphite ngegobolondo le-austenite. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-austenite kusixhumi esibunjiweyo se-iron-austenite kuphakeme kakhulu, kufinyelela cishe ku-2.15%.

Ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-eutectic yensimbi ye-ductile, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-austenite kungahle kube ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ne-silicon, uma kugcinwa izinga elifanayo lokupholisa, inani le-graphite elincishisiwe lizoba lincane. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-eutectic iqina Ukuncipha kwevolumu kuzoba kukhulu kancane kunalokho kwensimbi eyinsimbi. Lesi futhi ngesinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi ama-nodular iron castings athambekele kakhulu ekunciphiseni nasekufeni. Ukugcina isilinganiso sokupholisa esiphansi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa kuyisici esivumelana nokuhlaziywa kokushaja kwe-graphite.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenza i-graphitization yanele, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-eutectic austenite (okungukuthi, ubuncibilikisi obukhulu bekhabhoni ku-austenite) kuhlobene nokuqukethwe kwe-silicon ensimbi yensimbi, futhi ngokuvamile kungabalwa ngefomula elandelayo.

Ukuncibilika okuqinile okuphelele kwekhabhoni ku-austenite CE = 2.045 Si

2. Ukuguqulwa kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kokuphonswa kwensimbi ye-ductile

Kusukela lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa kwisikhunta, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqina kwe-eutectic kanye nokuqina okuphelele kokuphonsa, i-iron cast in the cavity izobhekana nokuncipha kuketshezi, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko, nokuqina ukuncipha okubangelwa imvula ye-eutectic austenite, Izinguquko eziningi zevolumu njengokukhuliswa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic graphite. Ukuze kube lula ukuchazwa kokushintshwa kwevolumu ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kwensimbi ye-ductile, kuyadingeka ukubhekisa kumdwebo wesigaba owenziwe lula okhonjiswe ku-FIG. 2.

1. Ukuncipha kuketshezi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe

Ngemuva kokuthi insimbi encibilikile ingene esikhunjeni, ivolumu iyancipha njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha. Inani lokuncipha kuketshezi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe lizohluka ngenxa yokwakheka kwalo kwamakhemikhali nezimo zokulungisa, kepha lokhu kuvame ukunganakwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuncipha kwevolumu engu-1.5% kukho konke ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okungu-100 ° C kubhekwa. Ububanzi bokushisa lapho kwenzeka khona ukuncipha kuketshezi kubalwa ngokususelwa ekwehleni okusuka kuthempelesha yokusakaza kuye ekushiseni kokushintshana kwe-eutectic (1150 ° C). Lapho izingxenye zensimbi ze-ductile zithelwa emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene athululwayo, ukuncipha koketshezi kuyakhonjiswa kuThebula 1.

Ithebula 1 Ukuncipha kuketshezi kwe-ductile iron castings lapho kuthelwa emazingeni okushisa ahlukile

2. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko

Yize i-hypoeutectic spheroidal graphite cast iron izonqamula imikhakha emincane ye-graphite ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa, inani lincane kakhulu futhi livame ukunganakwa.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, yonke i-1% (ingxenyenamba yesisindo) ye-graphite eqhamukile ingakhiqiza ukwanda kwevolumu kuka-3.4%. Ngakho-ke, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko kulingana no-3.4G.

Ithebula 2 likhombisa ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko evela kuzinsimbi eziningana ze-nodular cast ezinezinto ezihlukile zekhabhoni ne-silicon.

Yize i-graphite eyisihosho ekhonjiwe inganxephezela ukuncipha koketshezi ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kwensimbi yensimbi, yokuphonsa ngogqinsi lodonga olungaphezu kwama-40mm, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke amaphutha afana ne-graphite inclusions noma i-graphite ezintantayo. Kulokhu, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukulawula okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ne-silicon.

Ithebula 2 Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko kuzinsimbi eziningana ze-nodular cast

• Okuqukethwe yikhabhoni yensimbi yensimbi (%): 3.6 / 3.5 / 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.8
• Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon yensimbi yensimbi (%): 2.2 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.6 / 2.6 / 2.6
• I-Eutectic carbon content CC (%) / 3.54 / 3.47 / 3.47 / 3.47 / 3.40 / 3.40 / 3.40
• Inani lokwehla kwe-graphite eyinhloko G yokuqala (%) / 0.06 / 0.03 / 0.13 / 0.24 / 0.21 / 0.31 / 0.41
• Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu kubangelwe yimvula ye-graphite eyinhloko (%): 0.21 / 0.10 / 0.44 / 0.82 / 0.71 / 1.05 / 1.39

3. Ukuncipha kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic austenite

Ukubala ukuncipha kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic austenite, ingxenyenamba yesisindo se-eutectic liquid phase (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa nge- "eutectic liquid phase amount"), inani le-shrinkage liquid, kanye ne-eutectic austenite encishiswe ku-unit eutectic isigaba samanzi kufanele sithathwe njengevolumu nokuncipha kokuqina. Ukubalwa kokuncipha koketshezi kuchazwe ngenhla. Ukuncipha kokuqina kwe-austenite eqhamuke esigabeni se-eutectic liquid ngokuvamile kungu-3.5%.

Ithebula 3 likhombisa ukuncipha kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic austenite ngezinsimbi eziningana ze-nodular cast ezinezinto ezihlukile zekhabhoni neze-silicon.

Ithebula 3 Ukuncipha kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic austenite kuzinsimbi eziningana ze-nodular cast

• Okuqukethwe yikhabhoni yensimbi yensimbi (%) 3.6 / 3.5 / 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.8
• Okuqukethwe kwe-silicon yensimbi yensimbi (%) / 2.2 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.4 / 2.6 / 2.6 / 2.6
• Inani lesigaba samanzi se-eutectic (%) 99.94 / 99.97 / 99.87 / 99.76 / 99.79 / 99.69 / 99.59
• Inani le-austenite elicindezelwe esigabeni se-unit eutectic liquid (%) ～ 98.1
• Ukuncipha kwevolumu kwe-austenite lapho kuthelwa ku-1400 ℃ (%) / 3.30 / 3.30 / 3.30 / 3.30 / 3.30 / 3.29 / 3.29
• Ukuncipha kwevolumu kwe-austenite lapho kuthelwa ku-1350 ℃ (%) / 3.33 / 3.33 / 3.33 / 3.32 / 3.32 / 3.32 / 3.32
• Ukuncipha kwevolumu kwe-austenite lapho kuthelwa ku-1300 ℃ (%) 3.35 / 3.35 / 3.35 / 3.35 / 3.35 / 3.34 / 3.34

Okwezinsimbi eziningana ezisetshenziswa njalo ze-nodular cast, gcina izinga lokushisa elithelayo lingaphansi kuka-1350 ℃. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokungabikho kokunyakaza kodonga kwesikhunta, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yi-graphitization ngesikhathi sokuqina kokuphonsa kunganxephezela ukuncipha koketshezi nokuqina kokuqina. Kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ukusakazwa kwemisindo ngaphandle kokusetha ama-risers. Lapho izinga lokushisa elithumayo lingu-1400 ℃, uma kukhethwa i-carbon elinganayo ngensimbi yensimbi, ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization nakho kunganxephezela ukuncipha kwevolumu ehlukahlukene, kepha le ndlela ilungele kuphela ukusakazwa okubiyelwe okunamandla, ukusakazwa okunamandla kakhulu kuthambekele ekufakweni kwe-graphite kanye slag Graphite ezintantayo.

Kodwa-ke, imininingwane ebhalwe kuThebula 5 itholakala kumdwebo wokulingana, futhi kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi 'ikhabhoni engaba namandla' ivinjwe ngokuphelele amakristalu e-graphite ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa. Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, kunjalo, kufanele kusekelwe ekwenziweni kwe-spheroidization nokwelashwa kwe-inoculation, futhi kubalulekile ukwenza i-graphitization eyanele. Okokuphonsa okunamazinga aphakeme okupholisa kanye nokusakazwa okubiyelwe okuncane, ngenxa ye-graphitization enganele ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-eutectic, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yimvula ye-eutectic graphite kungaphansi kwenani elishiwo ngenhla, futhi kusese lula ukukhiqiza amaphutha afana izimbotshana zokuncipha kanye ne-porosity yokuncipha. .

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqina kwesikhunta nakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma ukuqina kwesikhunta sokulingisa kungaphakeme, futhi ukunyakaza kodonga kwenzeka ngesikhathi se-graphitization nokwandiswa, ukuncipha ngemuva kokunwetshwa akukwazi ukwengezwa, futhi kuzoba khona ukukhubazeka okufana nomgodi wokuncipha kanye ne-porosity shrinkage ngaphakathi kokuphonsa.

3. Izimo zokuqaphela ukusakazwa kwe-no-riser

Kusukela ekuphothulweni kokuthululwa kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqina, ukuncipha koketshezi nokuqina kokuqina kuzokwenzeka ekusakazweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-ductile iron iqiniswa ngendlela yokunamathisela okufana nokunamathisela, kunzima ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele ukuncipha ketshezi ngohlelo lokuthululela ukufeza ukusakazwa okungenalo iriser. Ukuncipha kuketshezi nokuqina kokuncibilika kwensimbi yensimbi kufanele kunxeshezelwe ngokwandiswa kwevolumu lapho amakristalu e-graphite eqiniswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela elandelayo.

Ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi encibilikisiwe inhle

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, okulingana nekhabhoni kungcono ukukhetha u-4.3 noma u-4.4, futhi okulingana nekhabhoni kungakhuphuka ngokufanelekile ekusakazweni okubiyelwe okuncane. Ukuze wandise inani le-graphite elishisayo, uma okulingana nekhabhoni kugcinwa kufana, kuzuzisa kakhulu ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kunokukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-silicon.

Umsebenzi we-spheroidizing kufanele ulawulwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa komhlaba jikelele kwe-graphite, inani le-magnesium eyinsalela kufanele lehliswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ingxenyenamba yesisindo se-magnesium eyinsalela kufanele igcinwe cishe ku-0.06%.

Ukwelashwa kwe-inoculation kufanele kube kwenele. Ngaphezu kokwelapha inoculation okwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye njengokwelashwa kwe-spheroidization, ukugoma okusheshayo kufanele kwenziwe futhi ngesikhathi sokuthela. Ukujikijelwa kwezindonga ezincanyana kungcono kakhulu ukuthi kufakwe umuthi wangaphambi kokukhishwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe.

Izinga lokupholisa ngesikhathi sokuqina kokusakaza akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu

Uma izinga lokupholisa lokusakaza liphezulu kakhulu, i-graphite ayikwazi ukuhlaziywa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina, futhi ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization akwanele ukukhokhela ukuncipha kwensimbi eyakhiwe, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwe-riser-free akunakwenziwa.

Ukushisa okuphansi

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncipha koketshezi, izinga lokushisa lokusakaza lilawulwa kahle ngaphansi kwe-1350 ℃, imvamisa i-1320 ± 20 ℃.

Kusetshenziswa isango langaphakathi elimise okwe-flake

Ukuze ugweme ukukhipha insimbi encibilikisiwe esangweni elingaphakathi ngesikhathi se-graphitization nokwandiswa, isango langaphakathi kufanele liqiniswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi insimbi encibilikile igcwele isikhunta. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwamukelwa uhlelo lokuphonsa olungenalutho, kufanele kusetshenziswe isango langaphakathi nelincane. , Isilinganiso sobubanzi kushuba ngokuvamile siba ngu-4 kuye ku-5. Ekukhetheni ukushuba kwesango elingaphakathi, kufanele kubhekwe izinga lokushisa elithelayo, futhi nesango langaphakathi akufanele liqiniswe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela.

Thuthukisa ukuqina kwesikhunta

Ukuze uvikele ukunwetshwa komgodi ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization, ukwenza ngcono ukuqina kwesikhunta kungenye yezimo ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusakaza. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kusetshenziswa imodeli yobumba olumanzi olumanzi noma imodeli ehlukahlukene yokuzibeka yesihlabathi, noma ngabe kugcizelelwa kangakanani "ekuqiniseni okuqinile", ngeke kweqise.

Lapho wenza ukusakazwa okukhulu ngesihlabathi esiziqinisa, insimbi ebandayo noma amabhlokhi we-graphite kufanele abekwe ebusweni besikhunta esihambisana nezingxenye ezithile ezisindayo ekusakazweni. I-Cold iron ne-graphite block, yebo, zinomphumela obandayo, kepha kufanele futhi babe nokuqonda okulungile ngendima yabo ekwenzeni ngcono ukuqina kwesikhunta. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa izitini ezikhombayo esikhundleni sensimbi ebandayo noma imidwebo ye-graphite, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukwandisa ukuqina kwesikhunta.

Isimiso sokusetha isikhuphukeli lapho usebenzisa isikhunta esiphakeme kakhulu

Lapho usebenzisa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuzibekela isihlabathi, izinqubo zokubumba igobolondo noma izinqubo zokubumba zenhlangano ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ye-ductile, ukuqina kwesikhunta kuphakeme kakhulu, okulula ukusebenzisa ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization ukwengeza ukuncipha koketshezi nokuqina kokuncipha Insimbi. Uma ilawulwa kahle, kuzoba khona Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa inqubo engenakuphakama ukukhiqiza ukusakazwa kwemisindo. Uma inqubo engeyona eyokukhuphuka ingafaneleki ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, isikhuphukeli esinentamo emincane singasetshenziswa.

Inqubo yokusakaza ngaphandle kokuphakama

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhunta okuphezulu nokuqina kwekhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukugcina izinga lokupholisa le-castings liphansi, ukuze i-graphite ikwazi ukugcizelela ngokuphelele, yisimo esibalulekile sokuqaphela ukusakazwa okungaphumi.

Ngokusho kombiko wocwaningo olwenziwe nguGoto et al., Isikhathi sokuqina kwe-ductile iron castings singaphezu kwemizuzu engama-20, futhi inani lemvula ye-graphite lingafinyelela inani lokugcwaliswa.

U-SI Karsay ukholelwa ukuthi: i-modulus ejwayelekile yokuphosa ayikho ngaphansi kuka-25mm ngesinye sezimo zokubona ukusakazwa okungenayo i-riser-free. Ngokuqondile, ubukhulu bodonga obuphakathi bokuphonswa kwamapuleti akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-50mm.

Imibono evezwe nguGoto et al. futhi iKarsay yehlukile, futhi kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezinga lokupholisa, empeleni ziyafana.

Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical yensimbi encibilikisiwe inhle (njengokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokugoma noma ukwelashwa okunamandla kokufaka inoculation nezinye izinyathelo), okunye ukusikeka okubiyelwe ngodonga kungaphonswa ngaphandle kwama-risers.

Lapho usebenzisa inqubo engenamkhawulo yokuphonsa, ukwakheka kohlelo lwesango kungabhekisa kule mibono elandelayo.

(1) Mayelana nomgijimi

Umgijimi kufanele abe mkhulu futhi abe mude. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sendawo enqamulelayo ye-sprue, indawo enqamulelayo yomgijimi, nendawo enqamulelayo yesango langaphakathi ingaba ngu-4: 8: 3. Isilinganiso sokuphakama kwesigaba esiphambanweni nobubanzi bomgijimi singathathwa njengo (1.8 ～ 2): 1.

Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lwesango lunomphumela ongcono wokugcwalisa ukuncipha koketshezi kokusakaza.

(2) Mayelana nesango elingaphakathi

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ingcindezi eyenziwe ukukhuliswa kwamandla kokuphonsa emgodini kungadala ukuthi insimbi encibilikile ibuyele emuva ohlelweni lokuthela kusuka esangweni elingaphakathi, kufanele kusetshenziswe isango langaphakathi elime kancane, futhi ubukhulu balo bukhethwa qinisekisa ukuthi isango elingaphakathi ngeke livinjwe ngenkathi kuthululwa. Umgomo ukuqinisa nokuqinisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kwesikhala. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sobukhulu besigaba nobubanzi besango elingaphakathi kungaba ngu-1: 4.

Ngoba isango langaphakathi lincane futhi indawo enqamulelayo incane, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umgodi ugcwaliswa ngokushesha, amasango amaningi angaphakathi kufanele ahlinzekelwe ukusakazwa okukhulu. Ngale ndlela, kukhona nomphumela wokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lokusakaza nokunciphisa izindawo ezishisayo.

2. Sebenzisa isikhuphukeli sentamo ezacile

Uma kunezimo ezilandelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikimu sokuphonsa esikhuphukelayo akunakuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yabaphosayo, ungacabanga ukusebenzisa isikhuphukeli esinentamo emincane:

• L Udonga lokusakaza lincane, futhi i-graphitization ayanele ngesikhathi sokuqina;
• L Kukhona ama-node ashisayo asakazekile ekubunjweni, futhi akukho ukukhubazeka kokuncipha okuvunyelwe ngaphakathi;
• L Izinga lokushisa elithulwayo liphakeme (ngaphezulu kuka-1350 ℃).

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesikhuphukeli sentamo emincane ukuhlinzeka ngesengezo esinqunyiwe sokuncipha koketshezi kokuphonsa, ukuze kutholakale ukusakazwa ngaphandle kokuncipha noma i-porosity. Intamo emincane exhunywe nokusakazwa kufanele iqiniswe ngaphambi kokuba ukusakaza kuqale ukuqina ukuvimbela insimbi encibilikile ekungeneni kukhuphuka ngesikhathi sokuklanywa nokwandiswa. Ubukhulu bejoyinti phakathi kwentamo ekhuphukayo nokusakaza yikhona okuncane kakhulu, futhi ubukhulu bukhula kancane kancane esigabeni soguquko esiholela esikhuphukeni ukuze kube lula ukugcwaliswa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ekubunjweni.

Ubukhulu bentamo ekhuphuka ngokuvamile bungaba ngu-0.4 kuye ku-0.6 wokushuba kwengxenye yokondla yokusakaza.

Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukuxhuma umgijimi nophakamisayo, futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe igcwaliswa entanyeni yesikhuphukeli ngaphandle kwesango langaphakathi.

5. Isimiso sokusetha isikhuphukeli lapho usebenzisa uhlobo lwesihlabathi esimanzi sobumba

Ukuqina kwesikhunta sobumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akukubi, futhi kulula ukukhulisa ivolumu yomgodi ngenxa yokuhamba kodonga lwesikhunta. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu yomgodi kuthintwa yizici eziningi, njengekhwalithi yesihlabathi sokubumba, ukubumbana kwesikhunta, izinga lokushisa elithelekayo, nesikhunta. Inhloko yengcindezi emile yensimbi encibilikisiwe emgodini, njll., Ukunwetshwa kwangempela kwevolumu kungaba phakathi kuka-2-8%.

Njengoba ukwandiswa kwevolumu yomgodi kwehluka kakhulu, umgomo wokusetha isikhuphukeli uhlukile ngokuya ngesimo esithile.

Ukujikijelwa okubiyelwe ngomzimba omncane

Ama-castings anokujiya kodonga okungaphansi kuka-8mm ngokuvamile awanakho ukunyakaza kodonga okusobala, futhi ukuncipha ketshezi ngemuva kwensimbi encibilikisiwe igcwele isikhunta akukukhulu kakhulu, futhi inqubo yokusakaza engenamkhawulo ingasetshenziswa. Idizayini yohlelo lwesango ingabhekisa esigabeni esedlule.

Abalingisi abanobukhulu bodonga obungu-8-12mm

Kulolu hlobo lokusakaza, uma ubukhulu bodonga bufana futhi azikho izindawo ezinkulu ezishisayo, inqobo nje uma ukuthela izinga lokushisa okuphansi kulawulwa ngokuqinile, inqubo yokusakaza engenabungozi nayo ingasetshenziswa.

Uma kunejoyinti elishisayo, nezimbobo zokuncipha nokuncipha kungavunyelwe ngaphakathi, isikhuphukeli esinentamo emincane kufanele sibekwe ngokobukhulu bejoyinti elishisayo.

Ama-castings anokujiya kodonga ngaphezulu kwe-12mm

Ekwenziweni kokuphonswa okunjalo ngobumba beshlabathi obuluhlaza, ukunyakaza kodonga kukhulu impela, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukusakazwa okungenakho ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi. Lapho wenza uhlelo lwenqubo, cabanga ngokusetshenziswa kweriseli enentamo emincane kuqala, bese ulawula ngokuqinile ukuthululelwa kwethempelesha eliphansi. Uma lesi sixazululo singakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga, kufanele kuklanywe okhuphuka okhethekile.

Sebenzisa isihlabathi esimanzi sobumba ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ze-ductile. Uma ufuna ukufaka i-riser, kungcono ukwenza:

• Isango langaphakathi elincanyana le-LA lisetshenziselwa ukulenza liqine ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kwesikhunta. Ngemuva kokuthi isango langaphakathi liqinisiwe, ukusakazwa kanye nokuphakama kwakha konke, okungaxhunywanga nohlelo lwesango;
• L Lapho ukusakaza kwenzeka kuncipha uketshezi, isikhuphukeli sigcwalisa insimbi encibilikisiwe ekubunjweni;
• L Lapho ukusakaza kwenziwa igrafiki futhi kunwetshwa, insimbi encibilikisiwe iye esikhuphukeni ukuze ikhulule ingcindezi esemgodini. Nciphisa umphumela wayo odongeni lwesikhunta;
• L Lapho umzimba wokusakaza udlula ekunciphiseni kwesibili ngemuva kokwenza i-graphitization nokwandiswa, isikhuphukeli singanikeza uketshezi lwensimbi ekusakazeni.

Akubonakali kuyindida ukusho, kepha empeleni, izinto eziningi ezinomthelela kufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kweriser, futhi kuze kube manje, alukho uhlelo oluthile olusebenzayo olwake lwabonwa, futhi asikho isethi esiphelele esisebenziseka kalula kwedatha. Ekukhiqizeni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ikhwalithi yabalingisi kanye nezinga lenqubo yesivuno, futhi imvamisa kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe: Umehluko Kuzimpawu Zokuqina Kwe-Ductile Iron

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off