Izimo zokugcwaliswa kwe-nodular cast iron casting ngaphandle kwe-riser

1 Izici zokuqina kwensimbi ye-ductile
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqina zensimbi ye-nodular cast kanye ne-grey cast iron zibangelwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhula ze-nodular graphite ne-flake graphite.

Ku-hypoeutectic grey iron, i-graphite iqala ukucwila onqenqemeni lwe-austenite eyinhloko. Izinhlangothi zombili zeshidi le-graphite zizungezwe i-austenite futhi zimunca i-graphite kusuka ku-austenite kuya ukushwaqa. Iphuzu leshidi le-graphite lisoketshezi. Ikhula ngokumunca i-graphite.

Ku-nodular cast iron, ngoba i-graphite iyindilinga, amabhola we-graphite aqala ukumunca i-graphite nxazonke ngemuva kwemvula. Uketshezi oluzungezile luba i-austenite eqinile futhi luzungeze amabhola we-graphite ngenxa yokwehla kwenani le-w (C); Ezungezwe i-austenite, okuwukuphela kwekhabhoni engafakwa kwi-austenite ilinganiselwe, kuyilapho ikhabhoni elikulolu ketshezi isakazeka kancane iye ebholeni ye-graphite idlule esiqinile, futhi izungezwe i-austenite ikhawulela ukukhula kwayo; ngakho-ke noma i-carbon elingana ne-nodular cast iron iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yempunga yensimbi, i-graphitization ye-nodular cast iron inzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke akukho ukunwetshwa okwanele kwe-graphitization okususa ukuncipha kokuqina; ngakho-ke, i-nodular cast iron ijwayele ukuncipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu besendlalelo se-austenite esisonga ibhola le-graphite ngokuvamile siphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.4 ububanzi bebhola le-graphite. Okusho ukuthi, lapho kukhula khona ibhola le-graphite, kukhulu isendlalelo se-austenite, futhi kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuba ikhabhoni elikulolu ketshezi idlulisele kwibhola le-graphite nge-austenite. Kuhle [1].

Isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuthi kungani i-low-silicon ductile iron ithambekele emlonyeni omhlophe futhi iyindlela yokuqinisa yensimbi ye-ductile. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza i-graphitization yensimbi ye-ductile, akukho ukushisa okwanele kwe-crystallization okwenziwe yi-graphitization okuzokhishwa kusikhunta, okwandisa izinga lokuphrinta okukhulu, futhi i-graphite ayinaso isikhathi sokuqamba ukwakha simende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spheroidal graphite cast iron inokukhula okusheshayo nokwehla, nakho okungezinye zezici ezijwayele kakhulu ukubandisa ngokweqile [1].

2 Izimo ze-nodular cast iron ngaphandle kokuphonsa i-riser

Akunzima ukubona kusuka kuzimpawu zokuqina kwensimbi ye-ductile ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ukukhishwa okungenazinsimbi kwezingxenye zensimbi ze-ductile. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yami eminingi yesipiliyoni esisebenzayo ekukhiqizeni, umbhali wenze okuthe xaxa kanye nezifinyezo mayelana nezimo ezidingekayo zensimbi ye-nodular cast ukubona inqubo engenzi lutho yokuphonsa, futhi yabelane ngayo nozakwethu lapha.

2.1 Ukukhethwa kokubunjwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe

2.1.1 Ukulingana kweCarbon (CE)

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, i-graphite encane kulula ukuyichitha ngensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi akulula ukuyikhulisa; njengoba i-graphite ikhula, izinga lokukhula kwe-graphite nalo lishesha, ngakho-ke i-graphite eyinhloko ikhiqizwa ngaphambi kwe-eutectic ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukukhuthaza ukuqiniswa kwe-eutectic Graphitization kunenzuzo kakhulu. Insimbi encibilikisiwe enokwakheka kwe-hypereutectic ingahlangabezana nezimo ezinjalo, kepha inani eliphakeme ngokweqile le-CE lenza ukuthi i-graphite ikhule ngaphambi kokuba i-eutectic iqine, futhi lapho ikhula ibe ngosayizi othile, i-graphite iqala ukuntanta, ibangele ukukhubazeka okuntantayo kwe-graphite. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunwetshwa kwevolumu okubangelwe yi-graphitization kuzobangela ukuthi kukhuphuke kuphela izinga lensimbi encibilikisiwe, elingasho lutho kuphela ekuphakelweni kokuphonsa, kepha futhi ngoba i-graphite ithatha inani elikhulu lekhabhoni lapho isesimweni soketshezi , kuzodala ukuthi insimbi encibilikile iqine lapho i-eutectic iqiniswa. Inani eliphansi le-w (C) maphakathi alikwazi ukukhiqiza i-eutectic graphite eyanele, futhi alikwazi ukuqeda ukuncipha okubangelwe ukuqina kwe-eutectic. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi kuhle ukukwazi ukulawula inani le-CE phakathi kuka-4.30% no-4.50%.

2.1.2 I-Silicon (Si)

Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi kuma-alloys e-Fe-C-Si, i-Si iyinto yokuqhafaza, futhi inani eliphakeme le-w (Si) lisizakala ekukhulisweni kwe-graphitization futhi lingehlisa ukuvela kwezimbotshana zokuncipha. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi Si sivimbela ukuqiniswa kwe-eutectic solidification. Ngakho-ke, akunandaba ukuthi ngokombono wokondla noma ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kwe-graphite ehlukanisiwe, inqobo nje uma umlomo omhlophe ungavinjelwa ngezinyathelo ezinjengokuqinisa inoculation, inani le-w (Si) kumele lehliswe ngangokunokwenzeka.

2.1.3 Ikhabhoni (C)

Ngaphansi kwesimo senani elifanele le-CE, khulisa inani le-w (C) ngangokunokwenzeka. Amaqiniso akhombisile ukuthi okuqukethwe w (C) kwensimbi ye-ductile kulawulwa ku-3.60% ~ 3.70%, futhi ukusakazwa kunesilinganiso esincane kakhulu sokuncipha.

2.1.4 Isibabule (Ama)

I-S yinto esemqoka evimbela ukwenziwa kwe-graphite nge-spheroidization. Inhloso enkulu yokwenziwa kwe-spheroidization ukususa i-S.Nokho, ukukhula okusheshayo nokuncipha kwe-nodular cast iron kuhlobene ngqo nenani eliphansi lama-w (S); ngakho-ke, inani elifanele lama-w (S) liyadingeka. Inani lama-w (S) lingalawulwa cishe ku-0.015%, futhi umphumela we-nucleation we-MgS ungasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izinhlayiya eziyinhloko ze-graphite ukukhulisa inani lemikhakha ye-graphite nokunciphisa ukwehla [2].

2.1.5 Magnesium (Mg)

I-Mg nayo iyinto evimbela i-graphitization, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi izinga le-spheroidization lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90%, uMg kufanele abe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi insimbi yokuqala encibilikisiwe (O) no-w (S) ayiphezulu, okuqukethwe okusele w (Mg) kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-0.03% ~ 0.04% yiyona ekahle kunazo zonke.

2.1.6 Ezinye izinto

Mn, P, Cr nezinye izinto ezivimbela i-graphitization ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Naka umthelela wezinto ezilandelwayo, njenge-Ti. Lapho inani le-w (Ti) liphansi, kuyinto ekhuthaza kakhulu i-graphitization. Ngasikhathi sinye, iTi iyisakhi esakha ama-carbides kanye nesici esithinta i-spheroidization futhi sikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-vermicular graphite. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphansi le-w (Ti), liba ngcono. Inkampani yombhali yake yaba nenqubo yokuvota engavuthi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokushoda kwesikhashana kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, insimbi yengulube ene-aw (Ti) yokuqukethwe okungu-0.1% isetshenzisiwe. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi ukusakazwa okukhiqizwayo kube nokuncipha komhlaba, kepha nezinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zivele ngaphakathi ngemuva kokucutshungulwa. Ukuncipha.

Ngamafuphi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimsulwa ziyazuzisa ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuzondla nge-ductile iron.

2.2 Ukushisa okuthelelwayo

Ukuhlola kukhombisile ukuthi ukushisa okuthelisayo kwensimbi ye-ductile kusuka ku-1 350 kuya ku-1500 ℃ akunamthelela osobala kumthamo wokuncipha kokuphonsa, kepha i-morphology ye-shrinkage cavity ishintsha kancane kancane isuka ohlotsheni olugxiliwe iye ohlotsheni oluhlakazekile. Usayizi wamabhola we-graphite uyanda kancane ngokunyuka kokushisa okuthelayo, futhi inani lamabhola we-graphite ancipha kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokufuna izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Uma nje isikhunta siqine ngokwanele ukumelana nengcindezi emile yensimbi encibilikisiwe, izinga lokushisa elithelekayo lingaphakama. Insimbi encibilikisiwe isetshenziselwa ukushisa isikhunta ukunciphisa izinga lokupholisa ngaphansi kokuqina kwe-eutectic, ukuze i-graphitization ibe nesikhathi esanele sokuqhubeka. Kodwa-ke, isivinini sokuthela kufanele sisheshe ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umehluko wokushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjeni [3].

2.3 Insimbi ebandayo

Ngokuya ngesipiliyoni sombhali ekusebenziseni i-ayoni ebandayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwethiyori okungenhla, isimangalo sokuthi insimbi ebandayo ingaqeda ukukhubazeka kokuncipha asinembile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwasendaweni kwensimbi ebandayo (njengezingxenye ezinamatshe) kungadlulisa kuphela umgodi wokuncipha kunokuba uyiqede; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ebandayo endaweni enkulu kungafinyelela umphumela wokunciphisa ukondla noma ukungabikho kwe-riser. Ukwandisa amandla esikhunta ngokungazi esikhundleni sensimbi ebandayo kunciphisa ukuncipha koketshezi noma kwe-eutectic. Eqinisweni, uma i-ayina ebandayo isetshenziswa kakhulu, izothinta ukukhula kwebhola le-graphite nezinga le-graphitization, kunalokho kuzokhulisa ukuncipha.

2.4 Amandla wesikhunta nokuqina

Njengoba i-ductile iron ikhetha ukwakheka kwe-eutectic noma kwe-hypereutectic, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi insimbi encibilikisiwe ipholile ekushiseni kwe-eutectic esikhunjini, okungukuthi, ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic yesikhunta yinde kunaleyo yokwakheka kwe-eutectic. Uma i-iron cast iron yinde, isikhunta sithambekele kakhulu ekucindezelweni kokucindezela. Lapho ukukhuphuka kwevolumu okubangelwa ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization kungakwazi ukucisha ukuncipha koketshezi + ukuqina kwevolumu + ivolumu yokuguqulwa kwesikhunta, izimbotshana zokuncipha akunakugwenywa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqina okwanele kwesikhunta namandla okucindezela kuyizimo ezibalulekile zokuqaphela ukusakazwa okungenayo iriser. Kunezinqubo eziningi zokubumba insimbi ezifakwe esihlabathini ukuze zibone ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamapayipi kungubufakazi bale mbono.

2.5 Ukwelashwa kwe-inoculation

Inoculant enamandla kanye nenqubo yokufaka inoculation yokulibaziseka ngokushesha ayiniki nje insimbi encibilikisiwe inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya eziyinhloko, kepha futhi ivimbela ukugxilwa kwehle, futhi ingaqinisekisa ukuthi i-ductile iron inamabhola we-graphite anele ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-eutectic; amabhola amakhulu namancane we-graphite anciphisa Ibanga lokudluliswa lika-C kuketshezi kuya kungqikithi ye-graphite lisheshisa ijubane le-graphitization. Esikhathini esifushane, inani elikhulu lokuqina kwe-eutectic lingakhipha ukushisa okucashile kwe-crystallization, kunciphise izinga lokuqothula, futhi kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwemilomo emhlophe, kepha futhi Kungakhulisa ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization. kanjalo. Ukufakwa okunamandla kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuzondla nge-ductile iron.

2.6 Ukuhlunga insimbi engamanzi

Ngemuva kokuhlungwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kufakwa amanye ama-oxidized inclusions, ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-micro-fluidity yensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi kunciphise namathuba okuncipha kwe-microscopic.

2.7 Ukulingisa imodyuli

Njengoba i-as-cast pearlitic ductile iron idinga ukwengeza izinto ezivimbela i-graphitization, lokhu kuzothinta izinga le-graphitization futhi kube nomthelela othile ekugcwalisekeni kokuzondla ngokwakho kwabaphoswayo. Ngakho-ke, kunezethulo zedatha. Ukusakazwa kwama-Riser kufanelekile kuma-ductile graphites angaphansi kwe-QT500. Insimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-modulus enqunywa ukwakheka nosayizi wokusakaza kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-3.1 cm.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunzima ukufeza ukukhuphuka kwamapuleti okungafakwanga ngobukhulu obungaphansi kwama-50 mm.

Kukhona nemininingwane yokuthi isimo sokubona inqubo yokuphonsa ngaphandle kokuphamba yensimbi ye-nodular ngenhla kwe-QT500 ukuthi i-modulus yayo kufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-3.6 cm.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe: Izimo zokugcwaliswa kwe-nodular cast iron casting ngaphandle kwe-riser

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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