Izindlela Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Ezikhethekile Ze-Ductile Iron Castings Enkulu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingxenye ezinkulu zensimbi ye-ductile, njenge: ibhlokhi enkulu yenjini kadizili, ihabhu elikhulu lamasondo, ikhava enkulu yokuphela kwebhola, ukuqhuma kwesithando somlilo, ifreyimu enkulu yokugaya umjovo, ithempulethi enkulu yomshini wokubumba umjovo, isihlalo esikhulu somoya ophethe isihlalo, ihabhu lamasondo ezintweni zokusebenza kwamandla omoya kanye nezisekelo namathangi e-slag yemfucuza kwimishini yamandla enuzi, njll. Ngaphezu kwezici zemishini ezichazwe kumazinga, lezi zingxenye zinezidingo ezithile zokusebenza ezikhethekile, njengokuqina komthelela wokushisa okuphansi okudingekayo kumandla omoya ukusakaza, namazinga amaningi okwamukelwa akhethekile wamathangi e-slag enuzi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwalokhu kusakazwa kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela kusengaphambili.

1) Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukuthi ungawuthola kanjani umsindo, aminyene, nosayizi ofanelekayo

Inqubo yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu zensimbi ye-spheroidal graphite cast ngokuyisisekelo iyafana naleyo yezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga, inqobo nje uma ukukhethwa kwesikali nokuklanywa kwebhodlela kuguqulwa kancane ngokuya ngezimpawu zensimbi ye-spheroidal graphite cast insimbi.

2) Okwesibili, umsebenzi ohambisanayo kufanele wenziwe ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuphonswa kwensimbi enkulu ye-ductile

Isici esivamile sokuphonswa kwensimbi enkulu ye-ductile ukuthi inzima kakhulu. Iningi lazo lidinga i-ferrite matrix, izakhiwo zemishini kumele zihlangabezane nedatha ejwayelekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izidingo zomthelela wokushisa okuphansi ziyangezwa.

Izinkinga ezikhethekile ekukhiqizeni ama-ductile iron castings amakhulu

Ngenxa yesilinganiso sokupholisa esisheshayo sezingxenye ezinkulu zensimbi ye-ductile, isikhathi sokuqina se-eutectic side njengamahora amaningana. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzokwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi ye-ductile. Ngakho-ke, kuvela uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezihlukile ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zensimbi ye-ductile noma izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu ze-ductile. : Inani elincane likayinki we-nodular, ububanzi obukhulu be-inki ye-nodular, ukuhlanekezelwa kukayinki we-nodular, i-graphite ezintantayo, ukuhlukaniswa kokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, i-intercrystalline carbides, kanye ne-chunky graphite (i-Chunky Graphite), njll. Lezi zinkinga sezihehe isikhathi eside. Yize indlela yokwakheka ingahlanganisiwe, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqala ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile.

Omunye umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi ungahlangabezana kanjani futhi uxazulule izidingo zokuqina komthelela wokushisa okuphansi? Ukuqondana kwenkinga ukuthi izinkomba nezinyathelo zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga ezimbili ziyefana.

Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukile zokuphonswa kwensimbi enkulu ye-ductile

1) Ukupholisa okuqinisiwe ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa

Kunemibono emibili eyamukelwa ngokujwayelekile mayelana nembangela ye-graphite ehlukanisiwe: eyodwa ibangelwa ukuchotshozwa kwe-spheroidal graphite; okunye ukuthi ukuzinza kwegobolondo le-austenite kuncishisiwe ngenxa yokugeleza kokushisa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezithile zokuhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi i-Ce ne-La. Kubangela ukuthi iphethini yokukhula kukayinki we-spheroidal ishintshe futhi yakheke. Akunandaba nomqondo noma inkolelo-mbono, kuqinisekile ukuthi isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuqina (isb.ukupholisa kancane) esigabeni se-eutectic siyinto eqondile nenhloso yokwakhiwa kwe-graphite ehlukanisiwe. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe iyiphi indlela esetshenziswayo, inqobo nje uma isikhathi sesigaba sokuqina singancishiswa, ukubukeka kwe-graphite ehlukanisiwe kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo.

Kubuye kuboniswe nasemibhalweni ukuthi kunesilinganiso esibucayi sokupholisa (0.8 ℃ / min) sokuhlanekezelwa kwe-inki ye-spheroidal. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-graphite kwesinye isikhathi kuyinqubo engazelelwe, ngakho ukusheshisa ukupholisa, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqina, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqina kwesigaba se-eutectic, thola izindlela zokunciphisa isigaba sokuqina se-eutectic sibe ngaphansi kuka-2 h, esinomphumela omkhulu. Kunezinyathelo eziningi ezungeze lesi simiso: ukupholisa okuphoqelelwe; uhlobo lwensimbi elenga isihlabathi; ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ebandayo njalonjalo.

Ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu kokushisa kwensimbi ebandayo, ikakhulukazi amandla okugcina ukushisa okuqinile, kubhekwa kabanzi njengesilinganiso esinamandla esingasetshenziswa. Ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kwe-graphite kuphakeme kunaleyo yensimbi ebandiswe ngesihlabathi (45W / m • ℃ no-17 W / m • ℃ ngokulandelana), kepha amandla ayo okugcina ukushisa angaphansi kunensimbi ebandayo. Uma kunokupholisa okuphoqelelwe, i-graphite isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa. efanelekayo. Ngokuphonswa kwensimbi enkulu noma eyengeziwe enkulu, ukupholisa okuphoqelelwe kuseseyindlela enamandla. Ngokuvamile, kungasetshenziswa amadivayisi apholisiwe emoyeni, apholiswe inkungu noma apholiswe amanzi, futhi kungapholisa ngisho nokupholisa uketshezi lwe-nitrogen ukusheshisa izinga lokuqina lokusakazwa. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi lapho i-20 t grade ductile iron echithe isitsha sokuphonsa iqiniswa, umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa ngukuthi: ama-akhawunti wensimbi wokumunca ukushisa angama-58%, i-graphite kanye nesihlabathi isikhunta (ingxenye eyinhloko) ama-akhawunti wokumunca ukushisa angama-3.5%, nesikhunta sesihlabathi futhi amanye amadivayisi ngokwengxenye amunca ukushisa. Ukushisa kube ne-3.5%, kanti ukushisa okupholile okupholile ngamanzi kube ne-3.5%. Kungabonakala ukuthi isikhunta sensimbi singaqhuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yokushisa kokuphonsa, kuyilapho ingxenye eyinhloko idlulisa ukushisa okuncane. Ngokusobala, ukupholisa okuphoqelelwe kuyadingeka.

2) Thuthukisa inqubo yezobuchwepheshe

(1) Khetha ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa

Ukuze ukhiqize izingxenye zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kufanelekile ukukhetha ishaji somlilo noma kanjani. Izinto zokuphazanyiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zibe phansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumthombo wensimbi yengulube, uhlobo lwensimbi eyilahliwe, nokukhethwa kwama-recarburizers.

(2) Idizayini yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali

I-CE akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu (4.2% ～ 4.3%), uma i-w (C) ingu-3.6% ～ 3.7%, w (Si) kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-1.8% ～ 2.0%; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-w (Mn) <0.3%, w (P) ne-w (S) nayo kufanele ivinjelwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile, ama-alloys ngokuvamile awasetshenziswa, ngakho-ke insimbi yensimbi kufanele ikhethwe ngokuqinile.

Okuphansi w (Si) kufanele kufinyelelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-graphite ehlukanisiwe izovela kalula, futhi ukusebenza okushisa okuphansi ngeke kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko. Inkinga ilele ku- w (Si) noma low w (Si) kanye nasezifweni ezimbi ezivelayo. Ukwakheka kweziqukathi zikaphethiloli ezisetshenzisiwe ezingamathani ayi-100 eJapan ngu: w (C) 3.6%, w (Si) 2.01%, w (Mn) 0.27%, w (P) 0.025%, w (S) 0.004%, w ( I-Ni) 0.78%, w (Mg) 0.065%.

(3) Khetha ukuncibilikisa okuphindwe kabili

Ukuncibilika kwe-Duplex kunganikeza ukudlala okugcwele ekhonweni le-nucleation enamandla yensimbi encibilikisiwe ye-cupola nokusebenza kahle okushisayo kwesithando sikagesi. Insimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele ikhishwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi i-S ingasuswa lapho kunokwenzeka, futhi isikhathi esithandweni sikagesi akufanele sibe side kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa kwe-spheroidization linqunywa ngokuya ngesimo, futhi alikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu noma phansi kakhulu.

Umbhali ukhuthaza ukungasebenzisi indlela yokugudluza ukwenziwa kwe-spheroidization yezingcezu ezinkulu ngoba kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okungenani sebenzisa indlela yekhava, okungcono indlela ekhethekile noma indlela yokondla usilika. Usilika uphakelwa endaweni eqondile, futhi ungaphakelwa ngisho ndawonye nosilika ovundile. Ungasebenzisi ama-spheroidizing agents asetshenziswa kakhulu. Kungcono ukuxuba ama-ejenti esindayo angajwayelekile we-spheroidizing kanye nokukhanya okungajwayelekile kwama-spheroidizing agents. Uma kusetshenziswa i-ejenti yokuphamba, w (Mg) 6% no-w (RE) 1.0% kuya ku-1.5% anele; uma insimbi yengulube imsulwa, i-w (RE) 0.5% kuya ku-1.0% nayo iyamukeleka. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokudla ngocingo, i-ejenti ye-spheroidizing enenani eliphakeme le-w (Mg) lingasetshenziswa, kepha i-w (RE) kufanele ibe phansi, ne-Ca encane.

Ukushisa okuthelayo kufanele kube kufanelekile (1300 ～ 1350 ℃), kungabi phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuncipha koketshezi kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu; Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umgijimi wangaphakathi ohlakazekile ukuthela ngejubane eliphakathi, futhi usebenzise isikhunta sokuqina okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele ukunwetshwa kwe-graphitization ukuzondla ngokwakho kwensimbi ye-ductile. , Ukwehlisa umthwalo kukhuphuka nokuqinisekisa ukuhlangana kwangaphakathi kokuphonsa.

(4) Naka inkinga yokukhulelwa

I-Inoculation ingenye yezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kuphela lapho kungakwazi khona ukuqinisekisa okuqukethwe okungaphansi kwe-w (Si) ngaphandle kwezinkinga, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Inkinga yokufakwa inoculation ayilutho olunye ngaphandle kokukhetha kwama-inoculants nezindlela zokwelapha zokufaka inoculation. Ungakhetha i-inoculant ene-inoculation isikhathi eside, njenge-ejenti equkethe i-Ba (i-ejenti equkethe i-Sr isebenza kakhulu nge-iron cast iron ne-Ca ephansi), i-inoculant equkethe i-graphite, noma ingxube efanele ye-RESiFe ku-inoculant .

Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zinemithi yokuzenzela, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi zilandela lesi simiso. Ngamafuphi, ukufukamela "kufanele kubambezeleke, kepha ngokushesha", hhayi umphumela omuhle kuphela, kepha umthamo ungancishiswa kakhulu. Indlela yakudala, njengokumboza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, inomphumela omubi kakhulu, kepha i-w (Si) yehlisiwe. Inkinga manje ukuthi uma i-w (Si) izokwehla futhi umphumela ube muhle, ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ukuguqula indlela. Amaqiniso akhombisile ukuthi u-2.0% w (Si) uyatholakala, futhi uphawu lokuphumelela ukuthi i-graphite kufanele ibe ncanyana futhi ibe nkulu. Uma incane, isilinganiso se-spheroidization sizoba ngaphezulu. Uma incane, akukho cementite ezokhiqizwa. Uma incane, izinga lokwehlukaniswa lizoba lula. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, uma inani lamabhola we-graphite ayizingcezu ezingama-200 / mm2 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ubukhulu bungu-5-6, isilinganiso se-spheroidization nenani le-ferrite ngokwemvelo ngeke libe yinkinga. Ngamafuphi, indlela eyinhloko yokulwa ne-graphite nokulwela ukuthola i-graphite encane nokuningi nge-inoculation. I-w (Si) iphansi, futhi ayikho i-cementite yamahhala, i-plasticity kanye nokuqina komthelela ekamelweni lokushisa nasethempelini eliphansi kulula ukudlula. Ngokuphonsa okukhulu, kulula ukwenza inqubo enkulu yokugoma enkomishini yokuthela nokufaka ibhlokhi lokugomela kumgijimi. Inkinga ukuthi kumele kube nomqondo ofanele.

(5) Ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys nezinto zokulandela ngomkhondo

Okuwukuphela kwento yokuxuba engabhekelwa ukusetshenziswa kuma-castings amakhulu we-ductile iron yi-Ni, ngenxa yomphumela wayo oyingqayizivele. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, i-w (Ni) <1% inenzuzo, kepha ukuthi iyasetshenziswa noma cha iya ngezimo ezithile kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezomnotho.

Ama-Microelements anokuhlangenwe nakho kokuvuthwa ezintweni ezinkulu yi-Bi ne-Sb. Kukholakala ukuthi ukungeza w (Bi) 0.008% ～ 0.010%, ukuze w (RE) / w (Bi) = 1.4 ～ 1.5 isilinganiso, ukwandisa inani lamabhola, Kuyazuzisa ukunciphisa ubungozi be-graphite ehlukene phakathi. I-Sb nayo ingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi nezinamandla. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi izokwandisa inani le-pearlite, kepha abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ngensimbi ye-ferritic ductile. Kungaba inkinga ngenani, futhi inani le-50 ppm akufanele libe yinkinga. USolwazi Zhou Jiyang wake waveza ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-w (Sb) 0.005% ～ 0.007% nakho kungavimbela imiphumela emibi ye-Ti ne-RE eyeqile ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.

Yize imibono yomkhakha ngeqhaza nangendlela yokwengeza i-Bi ne-Sb ingakahlanganiswa, sekuvunyelwene ngokungezwa kwe-Ni.

(6) Indima ye-prereatment ibucayi

Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo se-nodular iron stock nge-graphite pretreatment agent ngaphambi kwe-spheroidization kunomphumela omuhle wokuthuthukisa nokuzinzisa ikhwalithi yabalingisi [3]. Izindlela ezingezansi: 

Ngemuva kokulungisa ukwakheka [ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kuzokhuphula i-w (C) ngo-0.2%] → de-S → kubuyele esithandweni sikagesi → engeza u-0.2% kuya ku-0.25% we-ejenti yangaphambi kokwelashwa lapho i-1/4 yevolumu ingeziwe → ibuyela esithandweni sikagesi futhi bese ukhuphula kancane izinga lokushisa libe ngu-1 470 ～ 1 480 ℃ → ukwelashwa okukhazimulayo → ukwelashwa kokufakwa inaliti (Okutholwayo kuyatholakala) → ukuthela.

(7) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-anti-crater agent QKS

Umsunguli ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukufakwa kwangaphandle kwe-1 μm maphakathi noyinki we-spheroidal, okwenza ingqimba yemigqa emibili; ungqimba lwangaphakathi yi-MgS, CaS (0.5 μm), futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle yi-MgO, SiO, ne-silicate. Ngakho-ke, umsunguli wengeze inani elithile le-O ne-S ku-inoculant ukuhlanganisa nezinto zensimbi ezikulesi sitofu ukukhiqiza ama-sulfide amaningi kanye nama-oxide, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke ama-cores amaningi e-graphite, akhiqiza i-Ferrosilicon inoculant yeCa, Ce ne-S, O. Lesi sitofu singakhulisa ngokuphawulekayo inani lemikhakha ye-graphite, futhi siyashesha lapho sekwedlule isikhathi se-crystallization, futhi isikhathi sakamuva sokunwetshwa kwe-graphitization singasusa ngempumelelo ukuncipha kwesigaba sekwephuzile sokuqiniswa. Ikakhulu, kusebenza ngempumelelo yokuncipha kwe-porosity yamajoyini asendaweni ashisayo [4]. Ukuhlolwa kuveze: ngebhulokhi yokuhlola enyathelwe engu-5-40 mm, lapho kusetshenziswa i-SrSiFe, amabhola e-graphite ancishisiwe asuka ku-300 / mm2 aya ku-150 / mm2; lapho i-ejenti ye-Ca-Ce-OS isetshenziswa, inani lamabhola we-graphite alithinteki ukushuba kodonga. Uma kuqhathaniswa neBaSiFe kanye ne-75SiFe. Isici sokuncipha emajoyintini ashisayo ebhulokhi yokuhlola yesiphambano sikhombisa ukuthi kunezimbobo zokuncipha ezinhlangothini ezishisayo zesigaba esiphambanisayo nge-inoculant equkethe i-Ba ne-Sr, kuyilapho i-ejenti yeCa-Ce-OS ingenayo.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe: Izindlela Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Ezikhethekile Ze-Ductile Iron Castings Enkulu 

Inkampani kaMinghe Casting inikezelwe ukukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zifeza ububanzi zifaka ikakhulu I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off