Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza Bensimbi Engasebenzisiwe

Ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe bensimbi yamapayipi

1. Insimbi yepayipi

 Amapuleti amaphakathi nalawo aminyene namakhoyili asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kokuqoqwa kukawoyela negesi yemvelo namapayipi amabanga amade noma amalahle nezinto zokwakha amapayipi slurry abizwa ngensimbi yamapayipi. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa amapuleti aphakathi nendawo nensimbi ukwenza amapayipi ashiselwe ngobude obude, futhi amakhoyili asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapayipi aphikisayo amade ashiselwe noma amapayipi acwilisiwe acwilisiwe. Umthamo wokukhiqiza wasekhaya wamathani ayi-600,000 wamapayipi wokushisela womoya onobubanzi bonyaka we-1800mm noma ngaphansi ususunguliwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwasungulwa umugqa wokukhiqiza wamapayipi ashisayo ashubile aqonde ngqo ngomphetho wobubanzi obungu-1600mm noma ngaphansi. Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwensimbi yamapayipi okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwamapayipi okujwayelekile kwe-AP15L kunomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 kuphela. I-Baosteel ingeyokuqala ukukhiqizwa, kanye ne-Anshan Iron ne-Steel, i-Wuhan Iron ne-Steel, i-Panzhihua Iron ne-Steel, i-Jiuquan Iron ne-Steel, i-Wugang, njll. imakethe yamazwe omhlaba, ikhwalithi yensimbi yamapayipi ekhiqizwa ngecala i-X60 nayo ifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe omhlaba.

2. Isimo esikhona njengamanje sokwakhiwa kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi wasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, kwakukhona amapayipi kagesi asizayo angama-241 eYurophu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.03. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yepayipi le-X65 ne-X70 kwabalelwa kuma-89%; Amapayipi kawoyela angama-33 asebenzise amathani wensimbi angama-260,000, kanti amapayipi e-X65-X70 angama-40%. Insimbi yebanga le-X70 ibalwa ngama-55.25% wamapayipi asanda kwakhiwa kawoyela negesi eNyakatho Melika phakathi konyaka we-1969 nowe-1998. Kuze kube manje, sekwakhiwe amapayipi kagesi ayi-8 X80 emhlabeni, anobude obungu-462Km, ububanzi bamapayipi f1118-f1219, nodonga ubukhulu baka-12.0-13.6mm. Futhi ithuthukise ngempumelelo i-X90 ne-X100 grade steel pipeline.

Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi kawoyela negesi eChina sekungene esikhathini sesibili esiphakeme, futhi isilinganiso sokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo sizodlula iminyaka engama-10 edlule. Ipayipi likawoyela elingu-50Km nepayipi legesi elingu-7540Km lizobekwa. Kuzodingeka cishe amathani ayisigidi angu-14570 wensimbi yepayipi le-X5.08-X42. Ubude bengxenye yasekhaya yephrojekthi yamapayipi kawoyela iSino-Russian kanye namanye amapayipi kagesi omhlaba wonke azoba yi-65Km. Iphrojekthi ye-West-East Gas Pipeline Project ibanga le-X12385, kanti ingcindezi eyenzelwe ukudlulisa igesi yi-70Mpa. Kulinganiselwa ngokususelwa kububanzi bepayipi f10 nobukhulu bodonga obungu-1016mm, insimbi yepayipi idinga cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-14.7.

3. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zensimbi yepayipi

Insimbi yamapayipi yesimanjemanje iyinsimbi ekhishwa nge-carbon ephansi noma nge-ultra-low-carbon. Kungumkhiqizo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yamapayipi sekucishe kwafaka konke impumelelo entsha yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-metallurgical iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Umkhuba wokuthuthuka wamanje wobunjiniyela bamapayipi ubukhulu bamapayipi amakhulu, ukuthuthwa kwegesi okunothe okuphezulu, indawo ebandayo ephezulu neyonakalisayo, namapayipi asolwandle ajiyile. Ngakho-ke, insimbi yamapayipi yesimanje kufanele ibe namandla aphezulu, umphumela we-Bauschinger ophansi, ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokuqhekeka okuphahlazekayo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuwelding okuphansi kanye nokuqina okuhle, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-HIC ne-H2S. Isu lokukhiqiza elenzelwe ukuthuthukisa inhlanzeko nokufana kwenhlangano ngensimbi. I-C≤0.09%, S≤0.005%, P≤0.01%, O≤0.002%, futhi yamukela i-microalloying, i-vacuum degassing + i-CaSi, ukunciphisa ukukhanya kunqubo eqhubekayo yokuphonsa, ukugoqa okuningiliziwe kwe-thermomechanical nokusebenza okuningi Ukupholisa okusheshayo okusheshayo nokunye izinqubo. Ukusebenza kwensimbi yamapayipi kuzinzile kakhulu, inani lokushintshashintsha kwamandla we-X70 wesivuno namandla we-tensile lingaphansi kuka-70Mpa, futhi inani lokushintshashintsha kwamandla kwe-steel anti-HIC cishe lingu-70J. Ayikho inkomba yokuqina yensimbi yamapayipi ekucacisweni kwepayipi lasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, izidingo ezithile kuphela zezinto zepayipi:

• I-DWTT≥85% SA kushisa lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke (-5 ℃);
• Energy Amandla we-Charpy wokumunca amandla ≥145J ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke (-5 ℃).

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bensimbi yokwakha imikhumbi

1. Insimbi yokwakha umkhumbi

Izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhumbi yombango noma yamasosha zibizwa ngezinsimbi zokwakha imikhumbi. Kukhona amapuleti ensimbi, amaphrofayli, amapayipi, ukujikijelwa kanye nokuxolelwa, njll. Kepha ngokwesiko, insimbi yokwakha umkhumbi ibhekisa kuphela kuzingcwecwe zensimbi ezisetshenziselwa izikebhe zomkhumbi. Kunezigaba ezintathu: amapuleti wensimbi yokwakha imikhumbi jikelele, amapuleti ensimbi okwakha amandla amakhulu, kanye nezikebhe zemikhumbi zasolwandle.

2. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zensimbi yokwakha umkhumbi

• Izidingo zamandla. Amandla aphakeme anganciphisa isisindo somzimba, anciphise umthwalo wokushisela, futhi andise amandla athwala umthwalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi enamandla amakhulu kuvinjelwe ukuqina nokugqwala komzimba.
• ② Isimo somkhumbi sincane kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamajika owodwa noma ama-hyperboloids, futhi imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokwakha efana nokubanda, ukugoba okushisayo nokulungiswa kuyadingeka. Ukufaneleka kwensimbi kunqubo yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kuyadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukushisela nokulungisa.
• ③ Izidingo zepulasitiki nobulukhuni zanele ukunxephezela ithonya lomsebenzi onzima kanye nemijikelezo eshisayo entweni ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene enqubeni yokwakha. Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezifana nomnsalo, ingxenye lapho ukucindezelwa kwesikebhe isikhathi eside kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke, phansi komkhumbi kanye ne-arrest cracker eseceleni, kudingeka ukumelana okuphezulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ube ne-low-brittle low ukushisa kokushintshwa kanye nokufakwa okwanele komthelela ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphansi. .
• Resistance Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle

3. Isidingo sensimbi yokwakha umkhumbi

Ngawo-1990, ukukhula kwevolumu yokuthumela yamazwe omhlaba kwakungaphezulu kunokukhuphuka komthamo wokuthumela. Emakethe yemikhumbi, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi emisha nokuthengiselana kwemikhumbi kwakudala kwakusebenza. Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, ukuthengiselana kwemikhumbi emisha kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-32 okususwa kwenye indawo. I-China's Shipbuilding Industry Corporation yodwa nje yakhe amathani emikhumbi ayizigidi ezingama-6.76, kanti amathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.5-4 angakhiwa kabusha eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ibala i-1/10 yevolumu yokwakha imikhumbi emhlabeni.

Imboni yokwakha imikhumbi yaseChina ikwazile ukwakha amathangi ka-oyili amakilasi angama-280,000, othwali benqwaba yamakilasi ayi-150,000, amapulatifomu okumba amathani ayi-1,200, imikhumbi engu-4200m3LPG, imikhumbi kagesi engu-3000m3, kanye nemikhumbi ye-hydrofoil ezilawulwa ngokugcwele.

Amandla okwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yezinkampani zokwakha imikhumbi yasekhaya, uMnyango Wezokuthutha kanye noMnyango Wezolimo cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyisithupha. Ingakha izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo engathumeli ngomkhakha ezigabeni ezingama-6 zensimbi, ugesi, uphethiloli, amandla kagesi, amalahle, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha nezimboni zemikhakha elula. Kodwa-ke, umthamo wokukhiqiza uphansi kancane kunamathani ayizigidi eziyi-24 aseJapan namathani ayizigidi eziyi-14 aseNingizimu Korea.

Njengamanje, ukufunwa kwaminyaka yonke kwensimbi yokwakha umkhumbi kungamathani ayizigidi ezi-2, okukhona kuwo amapuleti wensimbi okwakha cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-1.2. Ngokuyisisekelo, imikhiqizo emine yensimbi namamaki amahlanu wamapuleti emikhumbi angakhiqizwa eChina. Isidingo se-boardboard yemikhumbi ejwayelekile engu-240Mpa kuseyiyona eyinhloko, futhi i-450, 600Mpa-level-high-power boardboard nayo ingakhishwa.

4. Amaphuzu abalulekile wobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bensimbi yokwakha imikhumbi

• ① Kumapuleti emikhumbi ka-Class A no-D, izidingo zokuhlanzeka zingama- .0.008s, ≤0.015P, izidingo ze-Class E ziyi- .0.005% S, ≤0.010% P, izidingo ze-Class F ngu- .0.002% S, no- .0.005% P. Okwezingcwecwe zensimbi zemikhumbi yasolwandle, ukuqinisekisa i-NDT≤-550C, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ngu- ≤0.002% S, ≤0.005% P, ≤40ppmN, ≤10ppmO kanye no -1.0ppmH. Inqubo yokucwenga ibalulekile.
• ② Amabanga A no-D angalethwa ngokugingqika okushisayo nokulawulwa kokulawulwa. Amabanga E no-F avumela ukujwayela noma ukushisa kwe-thermomechanical.Kudingeka ukuhlukanisa igebe phakathi kokugoqeka okulawulwayo nokugingqika kwe-thermomechanical. Izinga lamanje lichaza ukuthi awekho amapuleti emikhumbi ye-E-class ne-F-class angenziwa ngaphandle kwezimo zokulashwa kokushisa.
• Requirements Izidingo zekhwalithi zensimbi zifaka nezidingo zokuma nokunemba kobukhulu, izidingo zokutholwa kwephutha le-ultrasonic nezidingo zokuqina kokusebenza.

Njengamanje, cishe zonke izigayo zensimbi ezifuywayo ezinezimo zamapuleti ezigingqikayo zidlulile ekubonisweni futhi zingakhiqiza amandla wamapuleti womkhumbi we-Class A, B, no-D.

Kodwa-ke, isigaba se-E nesigaba samandla aphezulu samapuleti wemikhumbi ejwayelekile sikhawulelwe ku-Anshan Iron and Steel, Wuhan Iron and Steel, Wushan Iron and Steel, Pudong Iron and Steel, kanye neChongqing Iron ne-Steel.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bensimbi yamabhuloho

1. Insimbi yamabhuloho

Insimbi yamabhuloho okukhulunywe ngayo lapha isho izingcwecwe zensimbi noma amaphrofayli asetshenziselwa ukwakheka nge-bolt-welding of large box girder izakhiwo, amabhuloho emigwaqo emikhulu namabhuloho wesitimela, ngaphandle kwezintambo zensimbi zensimbi zezintambo zokumisa nezintambo zokumisa, kanye nezinsimbi zamandla amakhulu zensimbi yensimbi- imishayo ashiselwe.

2. Izici zebhuloho lensimbi

Ngawo-1950, ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kwaguquka kusuka esakhiweni esihlukanisiwe kuya kusakhiwo esinezinsimbi. Izidingo zebhuloho lensimbi zishintshe kakhulu. Kukhona ikakhulukazi izici eziningana: amandla aphakeme, ukuxhuma okuhle, ukuphuka okuhle nokusebenza kokuguga. , Ukusebenza kokukhathala okuphezulu komjikelezo ophansi, kanye nokumelana okungcono komkhathi. Ngokomlando, i-3% yensimbi ye-chromium noma i-nickel steel yasetshenziselwa ukwakha amabhuloho. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa insimbi enamandla amakhulu, amandla wokuvuna wensimbi yebhuloho yathuthukiswa kancane kancane kusuka ku-230Mpa kuya ku-590Mpa amandla okuqina kanye nohlobo lwama-785Mpa lokucima nokushisa. Insimbi, ezinye izinsimbi ezisemkhathini ezingamelana nokugqwala nazo zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amabhuloho, njenge-SMA570 yaseJapan. Insimbi yeCorten e-United States, njll.

3.Isidingo sensimbi yebhuloho

Ngawo-1950, iChina yasebenzisa insimbi engu-345Mpa grade CXЛ-1 ukwakha iWuhan Yangtze River Bridge. Ngawo-1960s nango-1980, ibhuloho lomfula iNanjing Yangtze namanye amabhuloho ashiselwe ngemishudo kwakhiwe ngokulinganayo ngamandla ebanga elifanayo lensimbi engu-16Mnq. Ngokokuqala ngqa emgqeni, kwasetshenziswa insimbi engu-440Mpa grade 15MnVNq ukwakha i-Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yokuqengqeleka nokulawulwa kwe-microalloying kuvule ikhasi elisha ku-bridge yensimbi yesimanje yaseChina. Insimbi i-StE355 isetshenziselwa amabhuloho aseNanpu, Yangpu kanye neXupu eMfuleni iHuangpu eShanghai, kanti insimbi engu-14MnNbq isetshenziselwa iWuhu Yangtze River Bridge, iWuhan Yangtze River Second Bridge neNanjing Yangtze River Second Bridge.

Ukwakhiwa kwaminyaka yonke kwemigwaqo ejwayelekile eChina kungama-8500Km kanti imigwaqo emikhulu ingu-1300Km. Kunamabhuloho emigwaqo emikhulu ayi-8 anesikhala esisodwa esingaphezu kuka-400m. Mayelana nokwakhiwa kojantshi, kufaka phakathi umgudu osuka empumalanga uye entshonalanga, umzila osuka entshonalanga uye eningizimu kanye namaphrojekthi wezitimela aphesheya, inani elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10,000 150,000 lizokwakhiwa futhi lakhiwe kabusha. Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kuphela kulayini kudinga amathani ayi-2001 wensimbi yebhuloho. Kubikezelwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-2005-230,000, ukufunwa kwamapuleti ensimbi amabhuloho kuzoba phakathi kwamathani angama-250,000 kuya kuma-XNUMX.

4. Amaphuzu ezobuchwepheshe okukhiqizwa kwensimbi yamabhuloho

Insimbi yebhuloho ihlukaniswa phakathi kwensimbi yezulu ne-non-weathering, futhi i-non-weathering steel yilona hlobo oluphambili. Amabanga wensimbi ajwayelekile angama-16Mnq, 15MnVNq, 14MnNbq, SM490. SM520, SM590B, C, ASTMA709, STE355, STE380, STE420, njll. Ngokwentuthuko yezicelo zasekhaya, i-14MnNbq isetshenziselwa kakhulu amabhuloho wesitimela, kanti i-STE355 isetshenziselwa kakhulu amabhuloho okumiswa kanye namabhuloho ahlala ngentambo emigwaqweni emikhulu. Womabili la mabanga angaphansi kwensimbi ene-Nb equkethe izinto ezincane.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa isithando somlilo, ukucwenga ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo kuyadingeka, futhi izidingo zenhlanzeko aziphezulu kakhulu, kepha kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ≤0.010% S.≤0.02% P.

Ngokuya ngokusebenza, kudingeka uhla oluncane lokuguquguquka. I-Nb-Ti eyinhlanganisela ye-microalloying (14MnNbq) ne-Nb-V- (Mo) i-microalloying eyinhlanganisela ayikwazi nje kuphela ukufeza amandla wokumunca amandla we-120 ～ 160J ne-zero zero lokushisa kweplastiki ngaphansi kuka -45 ℃, kepha futhi nokusebenza okungcono kokulwa nokuguga kubaluleke kakhulu ngensimbi yebhuloho.

Ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe bensimbi bokwakhiwa kwensimbi ephezulu

1. Insimbi yezakhiwo zensimbi ephezulu

Kusukela ngawo-1950, izakhiwo eziphakeme seziphenduke inkambiso yentuthuko yamazwe omhlaba yokwakhiwa kwamadolobha. Amakhodi wokwakha aseChina nawo ayathuthuka, ikakhulukazi kusukela kuguqulwa futhi kwavulwa, izakhiwo eziphakeme seziphenduke uphawu lwesimanjemanje sasemadolobheni, kusukela kuzakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe zokhonkolo-zensimbi, kanye nokushintshela kuzakhiwo zensimbi. Izakhiwo zensimbi zisebenzisa amapuleti wensimbi akhethekile namaphrofayli. Ngenxa yobucayi bezidingo zobuchwepheshe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kwakheka uhlobo olukhethekile lwensimbi, ngokuhlanganyela olubizwa ngokuthi insimbi yezakhiwo zensimbi ephezulu.

2. Isimo sezakhiwo zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme eChina

Izakhiwo zesimanjemanje zesakhiwo sensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa eChina zaqala ngonyaka we-1985, futhi cishe zingama-30 izakhiwo ezakhiwe noma ezisakhiwa. Izakhiwo eseziqediwe zeShenzhen Diwang Building ezinokuphakama okungama-294.1m neShanghai Jinmao Building ezinokuphakama kwama-365m yizakhiwo zamanje zensimbi eziphakeme kakhulu eChina. Isakhiwo esakhiwe kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphelele kungamathani ayi-12,000 namathani ayi-14,000 ngokulandelana.

Ngaphambi kowe-1976 eSifundazweni SaseTaiwan eChina, ukuphakama kwamabhilidi okusetshenziselwa ukuhlala kwakungekho ngaphezu kwama-20m. Ngo-1977, ukuphakama kwaxegiselwa ku-200m. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-71, insimbi emelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nohlaka lokubhinca okwakhiwe kwamukelwa, futhi izakhiwo eziyi-16 seziphothuliwe kuze kube manje. IShin Kong Life Building eTaipei City yakhiwa ngo-1990 enezitezi ezingama-50 futhi yasebenzisa amathani ayi-20,000 1993 ensimbi. IKaohsiung International Plaza yaqedwa ngo-85 ngezitezi ezingama-58,000 futhi yasebenzisa amathani ayi-XNUMX ensimbi.

3. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe zensimbi

• Buildings Izakhiwo zensimbi eziphakeme kakhulu zingaphansi kwamandla amakhulu, adinga ukuphepha nokwethembeka, futhi akwazi ukumelana nezinhlekelele ezingazelelwe (njengamanzi, umlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, isiphepho, njll.). Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwamandla anele esivuno namandla we-tensile, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kube nesilinganiso esiphansi sesivuno, ikhono elihle lokuguquguquka kwamakhaza nomsebenzi we-deformation ophezulu wepulasitiki, ukuze kungabikho ukuphuka okuzenzakalelayo okuzokwenzeka esimweni sokungazinzi ngokweqile kwendawo.
• ② Inokuhleleka okuhle
• Tough Ukuqina okuhle kokuqhekeka
• Steel Insimbi esetshenziselwa ukuwelda nokuxhuma amalunga e-beam-column ngobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-40mm kudinga ukumelana nezinyembezi kwe-laminar

4. Amaphuzu okhiye wezobuchwepheshe wensimbi yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi esisezingeni eliphakeme

Ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo olukhethekile lwensimbi eChina kwaqala sekwedlule isikhathi. Njengamanje, i-Wugang ne-Pudong Iron ne-Steel sebenze izisekelo zokukhiqiza amapuleti nezisekelo zokukhiqiza zensimbi ezimise u-H ezisuselwa ku-Maanshan Iron ne-Steel ne-Anshan Iron ne-Steel. Amabanga amakhulu ensimbi yi-Q345B, Q345B-Z8 .5, SM400B, SM490B, SM490B-Z25, ne-ASTMA572 / A572M Gr50, njll.

• ① I-Wugang yamukela inqubo yokuncibilikisa isithando somlilo samandla kagesi e-ultra-high-LF / VD yangaphandle noma ukuphonsa ukwelashwa kwe-mill-heat kwe-roll. Imikhiqizo isetshenziswa eTianjin Yunding Building, Shanghai Information Hub Building, Dalian Yunshan Building, Xiamen International Convention and Exhibition Center.
• ② I-Pugang yamukela inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ye-Baosteel TDS yensimbi eshisayo yangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-desulfurization-converter smelting-cas-OB / RH-OB yokwenza kabusha okuqhubekayo kwamabhilidi wensimbi ngomshini wokugaya we-4200/3500 wesithando somlilo sokushisa. Imikhiqizo futhi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwakhiweni kweDalian Ocean Building, iShenzhen World Trade Building, iTianjin International Trade Building kanye neChangchun Everbright Bank.
• ③ IMaanshan Iron & Steel: Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okumise okwe-H kusebenzisa izindawo zokugaya zensimbi ezimise okwe-H eziningi ezingeniswe eJalimane nase-United States. Inezinga eliphakeme lokuzenzekelayo. Umthamo womklamo weMaanshan Iron ne-Steel, i-Anshan Iron ne-Steel ne-Laiwu Iron ne-Steel ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.4. Ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo eyi-100-700mm. Njengamanje, uchungechunge oluncane lwe-flange olunokuphakama kwesisu okungaphezu kuka-700mm nochungechunge olubanzi lwe-flange olunobubanzi be-flange obungaphezu kuka-400mm alunakukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuchazwa kusetshenziswa emabhulohweni wesitimela nasezisekelweni zikawoyela ezingasolwandle ngesilinganiso esikhulu.

5. Izidingo ezikhethekile zensimbi yokwakha

• Building Isakhiwo sensimbi esisezingeni eliphakeme sithwala isenzo somthwalo womoya, futhi i-angle yokuhamba phakathi kwamaphansi yi-1/400, okucishe kube kabili kunokwakhiwa kokhonkolo okuqinisiwe. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuzamazama komhlaba, i-angle yokufuduka phakathi kwezitezi ingu-1/250, ecishe iphindwe kabili leyo yesakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe. Thatha i-Shanghai Pudong Finance Building njengesibonelo, i-angle yokufuduswa komthwalo womoya ingu-1/533, kanti i-angle yokuzulazula komhlaba i-Beijing China International Trade Center ingu-1/266.
• Yield Amandla wokukhiqiza wensimbi yokwakha jikelele azinzile ngaphansi kuka-3000C. Ku-500 ° C no-600 ° C, amandla wokukhiqiza angama-0.48 no-0.27% ekamelweni lokushisa, ngokulandelana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nomlilo kwensimbi, okuyiwona osindisa kakhulu abasebenzi nokonga impahla kunokusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezicisha umlilo nokufakwa kohlaka lwesendlalelo esivimba umlilo, okwandisa indawo esebenzayo yokusebenzisa isakhiwo futhi sinciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. IJapan ne-United States zibeke izidingo zenkomba zensimbi ekhonjiwe, futhi amandla wesivuno makhulu kuno-2/3 walokho ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-1-3 ku-600 ° C. Okuhlangenwe nakho okukhona kukhombisa ukuthi insimbi enesakhiwo se-acicular ferrite nesakhiwo se-benzal inokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu. Ukungeza i-Mo, Mo-Nb nokunciphisa i-Mn kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nomlilo.
• Use Sebenzisa kakhulu ipuleti lensimbi elenziwe ngombala wensimbi

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bensimbi yezimoto

Imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto iwuphawu lwamandla kazwelonke aphelele. Thuthukisa ngamandla ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto eChina bese ubala imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto njengemboni esekelayo ingenye yezinjongo zeChina zokuthuthukisa umnotho kusukela "Uhlelo Lwesishiyagalombili Lweminyaka Emihlanu". Kuhlelwe ukuthi ngo-2000, inani eliphelele lezimoto lizoba yizigidi ezingama-2.7, kanti inani lomshuwalense wezimoto lizofinyelela ku-2210-23.2 million. Ngo-2010, kuzoba yizigidi ezingama-6 no-44-50 million, ngokulandelana. Ungayibona kanjani indawo okwenziwa kuyo insimbi yezimoto nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi yezimoto sekuyinkinga enkulu.

1. Izithuthi Zensimbi

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izinto zensimbi nezensimbi. Ngokuvamile, insimbi yezimoto ibhekisele ezigabeni ezintathu:

• ① Insimbi yemishayo yezimoto
• ② Insimbi yamasondo aginqikayo ezimoto
• ③ Ukunyathela ishidi lensimbi

Zonke izinhlobo zamaloli zisebenzisa kakhulu amapuleti ensimbi anamandla amakhulu ukukhiqiza imishayo ye-longitudinal, ama-crossbeams nama-bumpers we-chassis; amarimu nezipoki zamasondo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amapuleti ashubile, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kushidi elibandayo elibandayo noma eligoqiwe, futhi idiphu elishisayo elicwecwe amapuleti amancanyana alandisa ngengxenye enkulu. Ukuthuthuka kwamanje kwezimoto ezikhanya kakhulu kudinga amapuleti aqatha angadonsa ngamandla, kuyilapho izimoto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zidinga amapuleti ensimbi we-IF kanye namapuleti ensimbi angenaminwe. Uchungechunge lwezimoto zezolimo ludinga amapuleti ensimbi aqinile, futhi izinga lamandla nokunemba akuzona izinhloso eziyinhloko.

2. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zamapaneli ezimoto

Ngaphezu kwamandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina kwepulasitiki kwezinto zokwakha, kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana:

• Ukuqina okuhle, kungagxivizwa futhi kwakheke, kumelane nemibimbi futhi kumelane nokuqhekeka,
• Rig Ukuqina okuhle nokusebenza kwe-anti-sag, okungathatha amandla kuze kufike esimweni sokushayisana.
• ③ Good ukugqwala ukumelana. Ezimotweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kungabi nokugqwala iminyaka emi-5 futhi kungabi nokugcotshwa kweminyaka eyi-10.
• Weld I-weldability enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-welding ne-inthanethi isebenza kahle.
• Spray Ukufafaza okuhle nokunamathiselwe okuhle kakhulu kusendlalelo sokumboza.
• Accuracy Ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu nekhwalithi yendawo. Kuyisidingo semigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo nokufunwa kwezimoto ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

3. Insimbi yezimoto ezivamile

Izimoto zivame ukusebenzisa amapuleti ensimbi ashubile ashubile, amapuleti ensimbi anensimbi ephakeme, amashidi asongwe ashisayo, amashidi agoqwe abandayo, amashidi ashubile ashisayo, amashidi we-electro-galvanized, amashidi e-aluminium-plated, amashidi afakwe i-chrome, amashidi afakwe umbala namashidi wensimbi angenasici.

Umkhuba wokuthuthuka wamanje wezinhlobo zamashidi ezimoto useziciweni ezine:

• ① Okokucwebezela okujulile nokujule kakhulu, isizukulwane sesithathu sensimbi yensimbi ikakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-athomu engeyona eyezinto eziphakathi nendawo.
• To Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesitampu esihle kakhulu esivele sikhona, ukukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izitishi ezibhaka eziqinile eziqinile, ukumelana nesifaca nokumelana nokugqwala.
• ③ Production ishidi lashukumisa nge ukwelashwa alloying ukuthuthukisa ukugqwala ukumelana.
• ④ Ukukhiqizwa kwamapaneli wesibuko sokukhanya okuphezulu kuthuthukisa ubucayi, ukubukeka kanye nokuthambisa kwamapaneli wezimoto.

4. Amaphuzu obuchwepheshe wokukhiqizwa kwepuleti yezimoto

Thatha ukugxisha noma ukwakha ishidi lezimoto njengesibonelo:

• Total Inani eliphelele le-S, P, N, O, ne-H lingaphansi kuka-100ppm ngenqubo yobuchwepheshe bensimbi eshisayo yokwenziwa kwangaphambi kwensimbi, insimbi ekhethiwe yensimbi nokuhlanjululwa kwamaladi
• Carbon I-carbon ephansi noma i-carbon ephansi, i-converter ehlanganisiwe eshaywayo nobuchwepheshe be-vacassing technology kungenza okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwensimbi kube ngaphansi kuka-10ppm
• ③ Okuqukethwe kwama-microalloying element kulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-0.02%.
• To Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kakhulu kwamapuleti wensimbi anamandla amakhulu, inqubo yokupholisa ngenkani yamazinga amaningi iyamukelwa uma izimo zivuma.
• ④ Naka inqubo yokuncishwa kwamashidi amashidi agoqwe amakhaza ukuze kufezwe ukufana okuphelele kwezakhiwo zemishini.

Ukukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe besitsha sensimbi

1. Izici eziyinhloko zensimbi yesitsha

Ukuthuthwa kweziqukathi kuyindlela yokuhamba yesimanje eyinhloko emhlabeni namuhla. Ngokuhwebelana okusebenzayo kwamazwe omhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhamba ngezindlela eziningi, kanye nokuxhumana kwamabhuloho omhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthwa kwamakhonteyna kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.Imboni yokukhiqiza izitsha yaseChina iqale sekwedlule isikhathi, kepha ithuthuke ngokushesha, cishe izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingaba ngu-40. Ukukhishwa ngo-1993 kwakungokokuqala emhlabeni, futhi ngo-1997 kwaba ama-TEU ayisigidi. Ibala ama-1% wokukhishwa okuphelele komhlaba.

Izinto eziyinhloko zensimbi zokwenziwa kwamakhonteyna zifaka amapuleti ensimbi, insimbi yesiteshi, amapayipi ayisikwele nokusakazwa.

Ngo-1997, iChina yakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.1 ezinhlobonhlobo zensimbi yeziqukathi, izingcwecwe zensimbi zasekhaya ezingama-300,000, kanye namathani angama-400,000 amapuleti ensimbi angenisiwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iBaosteel neWuhan Iron ne-Steel zenze uchungechunge lwamapuleti ensimbi amelana nesimo sezulu kanye namapuleti ensimbi angamelana nesimo sezulu weziqukathi. Izinga lokuzimela lamapuleti ensimbi selifinyelele kuma-75% wamabhokisi eCorten namabhokisi ama-semi-Corten. Ngokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, amabhokisi aqandisiwe anenani eliphakeme, amabhokisi wokufaka, amabhokisi wamathangi, amabhokisi amafreyimu asongwayo ahlanganekayo, njll.

2. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokukhiqizwa kwensimbi yesitsha

Kunezidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamapaneli esitsha:

• Properties Izakhiwo ezanele ze-anti-sag nezokulwa nomonakalo.
• Resistance Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala komoya wasolwandle kuyadingeka.
• Ukusebenza okuhle kokucubungula kudinga ukuqiniswa nokuqina.

Isizathu sokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwensimbi yeCorten ukuthi amandla wokukhiqiza aphakeme ngama-40% kunalawo wensimbi yekhabhoni, angamelana nomthelela omkhulu, angaveli amazinyo nokuklwebheka, futhi anokunamathela okuhle kopende ebusweni. Insimbi iBare Corten ngeke idle olwandle isikhathi eside.

I-Baosteel ikhiqize ngaphezu kwamathani angama-300,000 wensimbi yeziqukathi kusukela ngo-1996, futhi yathuthukisa izinhlobo ezintathu zensimbi ejwayelekile yokonga i-Cu-p, insimbi ephezulu yokumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nensimbi ephezulu ye-weldability. I-WISCO ithuthukise insimbi yezulu yokwenza izinto zokukhiqiza izitsha, ngomthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza wamathani ayi-300,000.

Ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe bensimbi bemishini yokwakha

1. Insimbi yemishini yokwakha

Imishini esetshenziswa ezimayini nakwizinto ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kwezobunjiniyela, njengemishini yokubhola, izithandani zikagesi, amaloli okulahla amasondo kagesi, abembayo, izinto zokulayisha, okogandaganda, imishini ehlukahlukene yokuphakamisa kanye nezinsimbi ezisebenza ngemayini yamalahle, zibizwa ngemishini yobunjiniyela. Izinto zokwakha izingxenye zokwakha ezidingekayo ekwenziweni kwale mishini zivame ukubizwa njengezinsimbi zemishini yokwakha, ezisesigabeni sezinsimbi ezinamandla amakhulu. Insimbi yemishini yokwakha ingafaka namaphrofayli, izicathulo zethrekhi, insimbi engagqokiwe yokugqoka, izintambo zensimbi nezintambo zensimbi.

Ngo-2000, isidingo samapuleti ensimbi anamandla aphakeme emishini eyahlukene yokwakha siboniswa kuThebula 22. Ukukhula okulinganiselwa ngonyaka kokufunwa kungu-12-15%. Kubikezelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuzoba amathani ayisigidi esingu-1.4 namathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.2 ngo-2005 nango-2010, ngokulandelana.

2. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zensimbi yemishini yokwakha

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamapuleti wensimbi okwakhiwa ngazo imishini yokwakha, enye inezingqwembe zensimbi ezinamandla amakhulu, kanti enye ingubulukhuni obukhulu kanye namapuleti angagqoki.

Ngokushisela insimbi enamandla amakhulu, isakhiwo esiyinhloko semishini yokwakha sibhekene nemithwalo eyindida eguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, insimbi iyadingeka ukuba ibe namandla wokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokukhawulela ukukhathala, ukuqina okuhle komthelela, ukubanda okubandayo nokusebenza kahle kwe-welding. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokwakha lapho kuqondiswa khona isisindo esikhulu nesisindo esincane, ukonga amandla nokwandiswa kwempilo kuyadingeka, ngakho-ke kudingeka amazinga aphezulu wensimbi, futhi ubukhulu bepuleti busuka ku-6mm kuye ku-50mm, kuze kufike ku-200mm. Amapuleti wamandla avela ku-400Mpa kuya ku-1200Mpa, futhi amazwe okusetshenziswa afaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene njengokugoqa okushisayo, ukwenza okujwayelekile, ukucima nokushisa, nokuguga.

Ubulukhuni obuphakeme nensimbi emelana nokugqoka ephezulu isetshenziselwa kakhulu izingxenye ezingagqoki imishini yokwakha, njengepuleti lamabhakede lesilayisha, ipuleti elisekelayo leloli yokulahla inja, namazinyo efosholo le excavator. Ubulukhuni bensimbi buyadingeka ukuthi bube namazinga ahlukile we-HB235-500, ngakho-ke lezi zinsimbi zeKilasi zivame ukulethwa kusimo esivaliwe + nesicishiwe. Futhi khetha ibanga lensimbi kanye nebanga ngokusho kobulukhuni bangempela kanye nobukhulu bepuleti.

Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bensimbi yokukhiqiza bezimoto, okwangaphambili kufaka amandla ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukuqina. Ngalesi sizathu, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye ne-welding carbon elinganayo kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukugxila kunqubo yokwelashwa yensimbi yokuhlanganisa neyokushisa; isigaba sokugcina Unganaki ukuqiniswa okuphezulu. Naka indlela yokuqinisa isisombululo esiqinile yensimbi nohlobo lwesakhiwo se-crystal sesigaba esinzima sokusabalalisa nokusatshalaliswa kwensimbi.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi yemishini yokwakha eminyakeni yamuva

• ① Ngokuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe bokwenza insimbi kanye nemishini, ukwakhiwa okusha kwe-alloy kanye nemingcele yenqubo seyenziwe, njengokuchithwa okujulile kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwe-titanium, nokusetshenziswa kwesilayidi esincane sokuphonsa okuqhubekayo.
• ② Ukusebenzisa i-microalloying, ukwelashwa kwe-thermo-mechanical yensimbi ye-Nb microalloyed kukhuthazwe kabanzi futhi kwasetshenziswa.
• Application Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuqeda ngqo ngemuva kokugingqika kwensimbi equkethe i-boron kukhiqize insimbi enamandla kakhulu ene-980Mpa kanye ne-1080Mpa insimbi egqokekayo engagqokeki.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe:Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza Bensimbi Engasebenzisiwe

UMinghe Inkampani yeDie Casting anikezelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ikhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zokufa zisebenza ikakhulukazi zibandakanya I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off