Ukusetshenziswa Kokushesha Kokuvikela Ubuchwepheshe Ekutshalweni Kwezimali

I-Rapid Prototyping (RP) ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obenziwa ngeminyaka yama-1990. Kungashesha ukuguqula imiqondo yokuklama ezingqondweni zabantu ibe yizinto zangempela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusho ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ayidingi noma yisiphi isikhunta nemishini yokucubungula, efushanisa kakhulu umjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kwesivivinyo sama-prototypes nemikhiqizo emisha, futhi ngokushesha iba yindlela ebalulekile nethuluzi lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi. Ucwaningo lwemibuzo lwe-Inthanethi olushicilelwe yi-INCAST 2004 (11) lukhombisa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-93% wabakhiqizi bokuphosa abatshali zimali abangaphezu kuka-400 eYurophu basebenzise ukwenza okukhombisa ngokushesha. Bonke ababuzwe imibuzo bayavuma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obusha kubalulekile ekusheshiseni imikhiqizo emisha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa nokukhulisa amandla amabhizinisi okuphendula ngokushesha emakethe.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezindlela Ezivamile Zokuvikela Ngokusatshalaliswa Kwezimali

Ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo prototyping ubuchwepheshe ekutshalweni utshalomali ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

1. Yenza utshalomali

Lapho wenza amaphethini, umshini wokuphrinta okusheshayo awufaki kuphela amamodeli we-geometric anezinhlangothi ezintathu asungulwe enye isoftware ye-CAD, kepha futhi athola namafayela wedatha askenwe yi-CT yezimboni (Computer Tomography). Isibonelo, qala ngokuskena ingxenye (isikulufa esiphehla ugesi, Umdwebo 12-1a) nge-CT ukuthola isithombe esinobukhulu obubili besigaba saso esiphambanweni (Umdwebo 12-1b). Ngemuva kwalokho, isoftware yokucubungula isithombe ihlanganisa izithombe ezibukeka ngakubili zesigaba ngasinye (Umdwebo 12-1c) ukwakha imodeli ye-geometric enezinhlangothi ezintathu (Umdwebo 12-1d). Bese uyithumela emshinini wokuphrinta ngokushesha ukwenza iphethini (Umfanekiso 12-1e) [2]. Le ndlela yokubuyisela (ukubuyisela emuva) yobunjiniyela ayikwazi ukubuyisela izingxenye zomshini kuphela, kepha futhi ilingise izitho ezithile zomuntu.

2. Ukwenza isikhunta (ukucindezela ukubumba) nezinye izinto zokusebenza

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza isikhunta sokuphonsa ngokunemba ngokwenza prototyping okusheshayo: eyodwa ukwenza i-master isikhunta kuqala, bese ilungisa kabusha i-epoxy noma i-silicone profiling; enye indlela ukusebenzisa ibhulokhi yokuphrinta enezinhlangothi ezintathu ekhiqizwe ohlelweni lwe-CAD Imodeli yejiyomethri ifakwa ngqo kumshini wokuphrinta osheshayo ukwenza ukubumba kwe-resin. Lolu hlobo lokuphrinta lufaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amaqoqo amancane (izingcezu eziningi). Uma ungqimba lwensimbi olucishe lube ngu-2mm lufuthwe ebusweni be-master mold, bese kugcwaliswa i-resin ye-epoxy ngemuva kwalokho ukwenza iphrofayili eyinsimbi-epoxy, ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza amakhulukhulu wokuphosa ngokunemba. Uma usebenzisa indlela ye-SLS, ngokwesibonelo, into yokucubungula ishintshwa isuka ku-resin powder iye ku-powder yensimbi enongqimba oluncane lwe-resin ye-thermosetting ebusweni, i-laser sintered ukwakha icompact, bese idubula isusa i-resin, futhi ekugcineni ithusi liquid kungenwe ngaphakathi kwama-pores we-compact. Ukwenziwa kwephrofayili kufana nensimbi ngokwamandla nokuqhuba okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping obusheshayo bungasetshenziselwa ukwenza isikhunta esithile esime ngendlela engajwayelekile.

3. Ukukhiqizwa okuqondile kokuphonswa kwesikhunta

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, iSandiana National Laboratory e-United States yenza ucwaningo olukhethekile olubizwa nge-Fast Casting (FastCAST), olwalubizwa nge-Direct Shell Casting (DSPC). Ngeshwa, kunemibiko embalwa kakhulu kamuva.

Ngo-1994, iZ Corporation yase-United States yathuthukisa ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe be-3D Printing technology. Ubuchwepheshe ekuqaleni basungulwa futhi banelungelo lobunikazi nguProfesa Ely Sachs weMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Isisekelo esiyisisekelo siyefana nendlela ye-SLS. Okokuqala, ungqimba lwezinto ezilahlayo noma i-plastic powder kufuthwa nge-roller. Umehluko osuka ku-SLS ngukuthi esikhundleni sokushayela ikhanda elikhipha i-laser, lishayela ikhanda lokuphrinta le-inkjet ukufafaza i-glue "yokuphrinta" ngokuya komumo womkhiqizo. Phinda lezi zenzo ezingenhla kuze kuphothulwe izingxenye, ngakho ibizwa ngegama elithi '3D technology technology'. Izinzuzo zayo izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza nezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, nejubane elikhulu. Uma i-powder efuthwe iyimpuphu exubile ye-gypsum ne-ceramics, ingenziwa ngqo futhi ngokushesha yenziwe isikhunta (isikhunta se-gypsum) sokuphonsa i-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-zinc nokunye okungafaki i-alloy castings, ebizwa nge-ZCast (Umfanekiso 3-12) .

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemiphumela Yesicelo Esheshayo Esetshenziswa Ngokushesha 

Njengamanje, izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokukhiqiza ngokushesha ekukhiqizweni kwangempela zifaka i-three-dimensional lithography (SLA), i-laser sintering ekhethiwe (i-SLS), i-fusion deposition (i-FDM), ukukhiqizwa kwe-laminate (i-LOM) kanye nokukhipha isikhunta ngqo (i-DSPC)) Linda. Eminyakeni yamuva, izikhungo eziningi zocwaningo lwakwamanye amazwe ziqhathanise izindlela ezingenhla ngokuya ngekhwalithi yamaphethini wokukhiqiza nokusebenza kokukhishwa kotshalo-mali. Imiphumela imi kanje:

• 1) Indlela ye-SLA inokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kwephethini, ilandelwa yi-SLS ne-FDM, futhi indlela ye-LOM iyona ephansi [4].
• 2) Ubukhulu besimo sephethini Ubuso bephethini buphucuziwe futhi buqediwe futhi bulinganiswe ngemitha yokuma kobuso. Imiphumela ikhonjisiwe kuThebula 12-1 [4]. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ubukhali bendawo buhle kakhulu ngezindlela ze-SLA ne-LOM, futhi indlela ye-FDM yiyona ejiyile.
• 3) Ikhono lokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinhle Ikhono lalezi zindlela ezine zokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinhle liphenywe nge-rack ngenaliti yamazinyo ecishe ibe ngu-3mm njengento. Ngenxa yalokho, i-SLA iyona ehamba phambili futhi i-FDM yimbi kakhulu [4].
• 4) Ukusebenza ekubunjweni kokutshalwa kwezimali Phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezine ezingenhla, umkhiqizo uqobo uyindlela yesikhunta se-wax (njenge-FDM noma i-SLS), engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezidingo zenqubo yokukhipha utshalomali futhi ngokungangabazeki yenze kangcono. Yize i-resin noma amaphethini wephepha nawo angashiswa, akulula kangako ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokutshalwa kwezimali njenge-wax molds. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukugwema ububi.

Ukuqhathaniswa kobukhulu bamaphethini

Ngokombono ophelele, yize indlela ye-SLA inokungqubuzana okuthile nenqubo yokusakaza yotshalo-mali, iyathandwa ngenxa yokunemba kwayo okuhle nobukhulu bekhwalithi. Emazweni angaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ze-Aerospace kanye nezamasosha kusetshenziswa kabanzi amabhizinisi okukhipha imali. Yize ikhwalithi yendlela ye-SLS ingaphansi kancane kunaleyo ye-SLA, kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zenqubo yokusakazwa kotshalo-mali. Ngakho-ke, izicelo ezingasho zisetshenziswa yasekhaya thusi utshalomali. Yize indlela ye-FDM iyindlela elula kunazo zonke yokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zenqubo yokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali, ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nekhwalithi yesimo sesikhunta se-wax ayenelisi; ngenkathi indlela ye-LOM ingekhwalithi eyamukelekayo, kepha kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nokusakazwa kotshalo-mali. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nokusakazwa kotshalo-mali. Ukukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezimbili ekufakweni kotshalo-mali kungaphansi kwemikhawulo ethile.

Intuthuko Entsha Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-SLA Ne-SLS Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezimali

1. I-resin entsha elapha ukukhanya

Indlela ye-SLA isetshenziselwe ukuhweba kusukela ngonyaka ka-1987. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza amamodeli omzimba kanye nama-prototypes ngemisebenzi ethile. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, isoftware ye-QuickCast ye-3D System Inc e-United States yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, yanika amandla umshini we-SLA okusheshayo wokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza isakhiwo esimise okwezinyosi (Umdwebo 12-3a) ngenkathi igcina ukubukeka okubushelelezi nokuminyene (Umdwebo 12 -3b), Akugcini kuphela i-90% yezinto zokubumba, kepha futhi lapho igobolondo lidutshulwa, iphethini iqala iwele ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka igobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bathola kancane kancane ukuthi ezinhlakeni zokuphulukisa ukukhanya zokwenza isikhunta, nazo zidinga ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezikhethekile ezilandelayo:

• I-viscosity-uma i-resin viscosity iphakeme kakhulu, kuzoba nzima ukukhipha i-resin esele emgodini ngemuva kokuba iphethini yenziwe. Uma kukhona inhlaka eyinsalela eningi kakhulu, ingahle iqhekeze igobolondo ngesikhathi sokubhaka, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal kuyadingeka kakhulu. Izinyathelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso bephethini eqediwe kunzima ukuyihlanza.
• Umlotha osalile-lokhu mhlawumbe kuyimfuno ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma umlotha osalile ngemuva kokubhaka kwegobolondo, uzodala ukufakwa okungekhona okwensimbi nokunye ukukhubazeka ebusweni bokusakaza.
• Okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo-lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusakazeni ama-superalloys. Isibonelo, i-antimony yinto ejwayelekile ngokujwayelekile kuma-resin elapha ukukhanya kwe-SLA. Uma livela emlotheni oyinsalela ngemuva kokuqhuma kwegobolondo, lingangcolisa ingxubevange futhi lidale nokuthi ukusakazwa kusulwe.
• Ukuqina kobukhulu-ubukhulu bephethini kufanele buhlale buzinzile phakathi nakho konke ukusebenza. Ngalesi sizathu, ukumuncwa okuphansi komswakama we-resin nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-DSM Somos yase-United States ithuthukise ngempumelelo uhlobo olusha lwe-resin elapha ukukhanya iSomos 10120, ehlangabezana nezidingo eziyinhloko ezishiwo ngenhla futhi ethandwa kakhulu abakhiqizi bokuphonsa imali. Lo mkhiqizo omusha uphonswe ezitshalweni ezintathu ezihlukene zokunemba ngokunemba kuma-alloys amathathu (i-aluminium, i-titanium ne-cobalt-molybdenum alloy), futhi yazuza imiphumela egculisayo.

2. Sebenzisa imodeli ye-SLA ekukhiqizeni amaqoqo amancane

Kunezinkinga ezimbili ezibalulekile ezizocatshangelwa ekukhiqizeni iqoqo elincane lokuphonsa ngokunemba kusetshenziswa amaphethini we-SLA: okunye ukunemba okuyisilinganiso ukuthi iphethini nokusakaza kungafinyelela, kanti okunye ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza nesikhathi sokulethwa kunezinzuzo. Izitshalo eziningana zokunemba ngokunemba e-United States, njengeSolidiform, i-Nu-Cast, i-PCC, ne-Uni-Cast, zisebenzise amaphethini we-SLA ukusakaza amakhulu ama-castings. Ngemuva kwesilinganiso sangempela sosayizi wokusakaza, ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kukhombisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-resin entsha elapha ukukhanya eyi-11120 eyenziwe yi-DSM Somos. Ngobuchwepheshe be-QuickCast, iphethini ye-SLA evelayo inokuphambuka kosayizi okungekho ngaphezu kwama-50% wenani lokubekezela lokusakaza. Ubukhulu bokuphosa okuningi buhlangabezana nezidingo zokubekezelelana, futhi izinga lokuphasa lingaphezu kwama-95% (Umfanekiso 12-4) [7].

Yize izindleko zokwenza iphethini ye-SLA ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zokwenza isikhunta esifanayo se-wax, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside, kepha asikho isidingo sokwakha nokwenza iphrofayili. Ngakho-ke, lapho ucezu olulodwa lukhiqizwa ngamaqoqo amancane, izindleko nesikhathi sokulethwa kuseseNzuzo. Lapho ukusakazwa kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, le nzuzo isobala ngokwengeziwe. Thatha ukusakazwa kokucaciswa kwendiza okunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi okukhiqizwe yiNu-Cast njengesibonelo (Umfanekiso 12-5) [7], izindleko zokwenza isikhunta cishe zingama-dollar ayizi-85,000 zase-US, isikhunta se-wax esingu-4 sikhiqizwa nsuku zonke, futhi izindleko ze-wax ngayinye isikhunta (kufaka phakathi izinto kanye nabasebenzi) 150 USD. Uma indlela ye-SLA yamukelwa, imodeli ngayinye ye-SLA ibiza ama-dollar ayi-2846 ase-US, kepha asikho isidingo sokwakha nokwenza isikhunta. Ukusuka kulokhu kubalwa, uma okukhiphayo kungaphansi kwezicucu ezingama-32, izindleko zokusebenzisa isikhunta se-SLA ziphansi kunalezo zesikhunta se-wax; uma kungaphezu kwezicucu ezingama-32, izindleko ziphakeme kunesikhunta se-wax (Umfanekiso 12-6); usebenzisa isikhunta se-wax, kuthatha amasonto ayi-14-16 ukuklama nokwenza ama-molds, Futhi isikhunta se-SLA asidingi isikhunta. Ngakho-ke, uma okukhishwayo kungaphansi kwezicucu ezingama-87, kusetshenziswa isikhunta se-SLA, ukulethwa kokuphonswa kushesha ukwedlula isikhunta se-wax (Umdwebo 12-7). Kodwa ngaphezu kwezicucu ezingama-87, isikhunta se-wax sishesha [7]. Esinye isici esidinga ukucatshangelwa ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa isikhunta se-wax, lapho umkhiqizo uvuselelwa, isikhunta sidinga ukwenziwa kabusha, okubiza kakhulu; ngenkathi ngokubonakala kwe-SLA, konke okudingeka ukwenziwa ukuguqula imodeli ye-CAD geometric, elula kakhulu futhi esheshayo kunokuphinda wenze isikhunta. .

3. SLS sintered polystyrene powder elifakwe iphethini le-wax

I-SLS ekuqaleni ibisebenzisa i-laser ukusika impuphu ekhethekile ye-wax kusikhunta se-wax, efanelekile kakhulu kuzinqubo zezinqubo zokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1990, kwakukhona izisekelo ezingaphezu kuka-50 e-United States, ezikhiqiza cishe izingodo ze-wax ezingama-3000, futhi zazihlanganisa ngempumelelo. Khiqiza izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, i-wax powder ayiyona into yokubumba ekahle kunazo zonke. Amandla esikhunta se-wax enziwe ngawo awanele, futhi kulula ukuthambisa nokukhubazeka lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme, futhi kulula ukuphuka lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, abanye abasebenzisi be-SLA e-United States bazama ukufaka i-wax powder ngama-thermoplastic powders anjenge-polystyrene (PS) noma i-polycarbonate (PC). Lolu hlobo lwento lwenziwa lube yisimo esixegayo nesinamahloni (i-porosity ingaphezu kwama-25%), enciphisa ubungozi bokuvuvukala nokuqhekeka kwegobolondo ngesikhathi sokudilizwa. Ngemuva kokudutshulwa kwegobolondo, okuqukethwe komlotha kuba kuncane, kepha ingaphezulu lephethini limbi. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuthi iphethini yenziwe, idinga ukuthi ifakwe i-wax futhi ipholishwe ngesandla ukwenza ubuso bushelelezi futhi bube mnandi. Njengamanje, le ndlela isetshenziswe kabanzi ekhaya naphesheya.

Sicela ugcine umthombo nekheli lale ndatshana ukuze uphinde uprintwe:Ukusetshenziswa Kokushesha Kokuvikela Ubuchwepheshe Ekutshalweni Kwezimali  

Inkampani kaMinghe Casting inikezelwe ukukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka ngekhwalithi nokusebenza okuphezulu Izingxenye Zokulingisa (izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi zifeza ububanzi zifaka ikakhulu I-Thin-Wall Die Casting,I-Hot Chamber Die Casting,Cold Chamber die Casting), Insizakalo Eyindilinga (Insiza Yokulingisa,ICnc Machining,Ukwenza Okubandayo, Surface Treatment) .Noma ikuphi ukusakazwa kwe-Aluminium die, i-magnesium noma i-Zamak / zinc die casting nezinye izidingo zokuphosa zamukelekile ukuxhumana nathi.

Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ISO9001 ne-TS 16949, Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngamakhulu emishini esezingeni eliphakeme yokufa, imishini ye-5-axis, nezinye izikhungo, ezisukela kuma-blasters kuya kumishini yokuwasha ye-Ultra Sonic.Minghe akagcinanga ngemishini esezingeni eliphezulu kepha futhi unobuchwepheshe iqembu lonjiniyela abanolwazi, ama-opharetha nabahloli ukwenza ukwakheka kwekhasimende kugcwaliseke.

Umenzi wenkontileka yokufa kwabasikiwe. Amandla afaka izingxenye ezibandayo ze-aluminium die casting ezivela ku-0.15 lbs. kuye ku-6 lbs., Ukusetha ushintsho olusheshayo, nemishini. Izinsizakalo ezingezwe ngenani zifaka phakathi ukupholisha, ukudlidliza, ukuphazamisa, ukuqhumisa ngokudubula, ukupenda, ukuhlobisa, ukumboza, ukuhlangana nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Izinto zokusebenza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka ama-alloys afana no-360, 380, 383, no-413.

I-Zinc die casting design usizo / izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela ezihambisanayo. Umenzi wangokwezifiso we-precision zinc die castings. Ukusakazwa okuncane, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukusikeka kwesikhunta esiningi, ukujikijelwa kwesikhunta okuvamile, ukufefa kwamayunithi kanye nokuzimela okuzimele kanye nokuvalwa okuvaliwe komgodi kungenziwa. Ama-Castings angenziwa ngobude nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-24 in. Ku +/- 0.0005 in. Ukubekezelelana.  

I-ISO 9001: Umkhiqizi oqinisekisiwe ka-2015 we-die cast magnesium, Amandla afaka i-high-pressure magnesium die casting up to 200 ton chamber hot & 3000 ton cold chamber, designing designing, polishing, molding, machining, powder & liquid paint, QA full with CMM amakhono , inhlangano, ukupakisha nokulethwa.

Kuqinisekiswe i-ITAF16949. Insiza Eyengeziwe Yokulingisa Faka ukukhipha utshalomali,ukuphonsa kwesihlabathi,Ukuphonswa kwamandla, Lost Foam Ekubunjweni,I-Centrifugal Casting,Ukuphoswa Kokuqothula,Permanent Isikhunta Ukulingisa, Amakhono afaka i-EDI, usizo lobunjiniyela, ukumodeliswa okuqinile nokucutshungulwa kwesibili.

Izimboni Zokulingisa Izingxenye Zamacala Ezifundo Zezimoto: Izimoto, Amabhayisikili, Izindiza, Izinsimbi Zomculo, I-Watercraft, Amadivayisi we-Optical, Izinzwa, Amamodeli, Amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi, Ukuvaleka, Amawashi, Imishini, Izinjini, Ifenisha, Ubucwebe, AmaJig, Telecom, Ukukhanyisa, Amadivayisi Wezokwelapha, amadivayisi wezithombe, Amarobhothi, okubaziwe, okokusebenza komsindo, okwezemidlalo, i-Tooling, Amathoyizi nokuningi. 

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By Umkhiqizi weMinghe Die Casting | Izigaba: Izindatshana Eziwusizo |Material Omaka: I-Aluminium Casting, Zinc Ukulingisa, Ukulingiswa kweMagnesium, I-Titanium Casting, Insimbi Engagqwali, Brass Ekubunjweni,Ukulingiswa kweBronze,Isakaza ividiyo,Umlando wenkampani,I-Aluminium Die Casting | Amazwana Off